Characteristics of at Risk Students

Pregnant Teens Janet Riley AED/201-Teaching as a Profession December 23, 2012 Mary Ortiz Pregnant Teens In 2010 data was presented by Voices for Virginia’s Children showing a pregnancy rate for school aged children in Virginia Beach to be 106. 7 per 1000 teens (The Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2012). Teenage pregnancy is an issue for many and causes problems for students (University of Phoenix, 2005). The Virginia Beach school district offers programs for pregnant teens to help them become less â€Å"at risk†. Once the teens are in the situation of becoming pregnant, many believe they do not have a choice to continue their education.There are programs such as night classes and centers for pregnant teens available in Virginia Beach for these students. The centers offer free childcare while the parents are in class. This way they do not have to miss school because they have no one to watch the children. The night school has an advanced curriculum to help the students gradua te faster. Both programs are good for the teenage parents because it puts them together with others in the same situation. Not only does this put them in a setting with others that can understand what they are going through, it also puts them in an environment where they won’t feel judged by others.Teenage parents may often drop out due to self-esteem issues or lack of help from others. It is very important to both the parents and children that the teens receive a proper education. That is why the programs mentioned are beneficial. They help the teens get past the problems associated with teen pregnancy. They also offer special classes on parenting to help the teens ease into the role of parents. This way they can better handle the transition into parenthood and manage to stay on track. Another great thing about the programs is that they do not cost anything.Many teen parents do not have a lot of money; and any money they have probably goes to doctors and items for the babies /children. The centers and special schools do not charge for admission or childcare. With this burden lifted, teens may feel they do not have to quit school. Just having the childcare is a big plus. Some teens do not get help from others and could not afford an independent daycare. So having a way to have their children being taken care of in a trusted environment is a big deal. There are programs offered by the state that are beneficial to these students as well.Medical programs and supplemental needs programs are offered. The state makes sure the teens and their children have access to doctors, mental health services, family planning services, and drug abuse services (Council on Virginia's Future, 2012). There are also programs to make sure nutritional needs are met. This is beneficial to students because they can stay healthy and well-nourished enough to remain in school. They also make sure that teens have counseling so they are not overwhelmed by the idea of parenting and finis hing school.The programs offered for pregnant teens by Virginia as a state and the city of Virginia Beach are great programs. This is something I actually have personal experience with. I used the night classes to finish school. The night school gave me a chance to graduate. And since the classes did not take up my whole day, I was still able to care for my son. The school years were only as long as an average semester, so it did not take as long to finish school. This way I was able to start a full time job sooner and did not have to sacrifice my education. There is one problem I have found with teen pregnancy programs.The issue of teen pregnancy is something many would rather not mention. People are afraid of bringing attention to the issue or creating influence. Therefore, the programs are not well known. Many only know of them through having to thoroughly research or by hearing from counselors or even peers after they have had time to give up. If the programs were more widely kn own, the teens would have the advantage to decide to go before completely dropping out. Teen pregnancy does cause a lot of issues when it comes to education. With the help of the schools and centers offered by the city, educational goals can be met.Though it should not be encouraged, the students do not have to be so â€Å"at-risk†. References Council on Virginia's Future. (2012). Teen Pregnancy. Retrieved from http://vaperforms. virginia. gov/indicators/healthfamily/teenpregnancy. php The Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2012). Teen Pregnancy Rate per 1,000 by Age Group (Rate) – 2010. Retrieved from http://datacenter. kidscount. org/data/bystate/Rankings. aspx? state=VA&ind=6393 University of Phoenix. (2005). Introduction to Teaching: Becoming a Professional, Second Edition. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, AED/201- Teaching as a Profession website.

Current government priorities Essay

How far does the budget reflect current government priorities? â€Å"Government’s view of the economy could be summed up in a few short phrases: If it moves, tax it. If it keeps moving, regulate it. And if it stops moving, subsidise it† – Ronald Reagan In my coursework I shall be discovering what the annual government budget is, what it is spent on and why, correlating this with current priorities. I shall be investigating to what extent does the governments’ expenditure reflect on these current government priorities i.e. the amount spent on defence, the education sector and social protection. I shall be mostly using secondary research, through using websites and maybe books. I will compare spending from previous budgets to the current one and find out where changes, if any, have been made. Through figuring out where the money is spent, I can discover what the main priorities are but not neglecting the fact that some sectors are larger and undoubtedly require money being spent, e.g. Healthcare and public order & safety. Government expenditure is vital for the efficient running of the economy. The need for much of the government expenditure arises from the facts that some goods will not be provided at all by a free market economy (public goods) and that others will be under-provided (merit goods). It is spending on these goods that accounts for a large proportion of government spending (health, education, police and defence, among others). Some government expenditure is aimed at providing a safety net for the less well off in society and ensuring that they are able to survive in the event that they lose their jobs or have insufficient income. The department that deals with the allocation of most of this money is the Department of Social Security. Other government expenditure is aimed at various areas that may be considered important in a developed economy – providing a transport infrastructure, supporting the work of local government and servicing any debts that may have been accumulated in th e past. Fiscal policy refers to government policy that attempts to influence the direction of the economy through changes in government spending or taxes. Fiscal policy can be contrasted with the other main type of economic policy, ‘monetary policy’ which attempts to stabilize the economy by controlling interest rates and the supply of money. The government in power needs to ensure that the budget expenditure is divided correctly and proportionately to the areas that require it most. This depends on the government priorities. The two main instruments of fiscal policy are government spending and taxation. Changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending can impact on the following variables in the economy: On aggregate demand and the level of economic activity; the pattern of resource allocation and the distribution of income. Fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and taxation to manage the economy. The main changes in fiscal policy happen once a year in the Budget. It is in the Budget that the Chancellor sets the levels of taxation and government expenditure for the next fiscal year. The fiscal year runs from 6th April one year until 5th April the following year. This is why the budget is usually in March. The changes in it come generally into effect in the following month. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of British economist John Maynard Keynes. Also known as Keynesian economics, this theory basically states that governments can influence macroeconomic productivity levels by increasing or decreasing tax levels and public spending. This influence, in turn, curbs inflation (generally considered to be healthy when at a level between 2-3%), increases employment and maintains a healthy value of money. Unfortunately, the effects of any fiscal policy are not the same on everyone. Depending on the political orientations and goals of the policymakers, a tax cut could affect only the middle class, which is typically the largest economic group. In times of economic decline and rising taxation, it is this same group that may have to pay more taxes than the wealthier upper class. Similarly, when a government decides to adjust it’s spending; its policy may affect only a specific group of people. A decision to build a new bridge, for example, will give work and more income to hundreds of construction workers. A decision to spend money on building a new space shuttle, on the other hand, benefits only a small, specialized pool of experts, which would not do much to increase aggregate employment levels. Graph to show inflation rates in the UK compared with the United States and Canada. Monetary Policy involves changes in the base rate of interest to influence the rate of growth of aggregate demand, the money supply and ultimately price inflation. Monetarist economists believe that monetary policy is a more powerful weapon than fiscal policy in controlling inflation. Monetary policy also involves changes in the value of the exchange rate since fluctuations in the currency also impact on macroeconomic activity (incomes, output and prices). Basically, it is the process by which the government/ bank controls the supply of money, or trading in foreign exchange markets. Monetary policy is generally referred to as either being an expansionary policy, or a contractionary policy, where an expansionary policy increases the total supply of money in the economy, and a contractionary policy decreases the total money supply. Expansionary policy is traditionally used to combat unemployment in a recession by lowering interest rates, while contractionary policy has the goal of raising interest rates to combat inflation or calming an overheated economy. The government receives its’ money from many different areas, the graph on the next page shows exactly where from and how much: As from the chart we can see that the largest proportion of governments’ income is due to income tax that at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½157bn it is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½63bn more than the 2nd largest. Tax comes in many forms, as shown by the chart and when totaled up it is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½587bn, this breaks down to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9,650 for every man, woman and child in the UK per year. What is the money used for and spent on? Well the money that the government has gathered from its’ many different forms of tax is spent entirely on the public. The pie chart below clearly represents what these different sectors are and how much money is actually spent on them. As we can see social protection is predominantly the largest sector that government spending is allocated with a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½57bn lead on the second largest, health, at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½104bn. From this chart it can be easy to assume that the areas with the largest spending would be those that are the largest priorities. That can be accepted to a certain extent to where you look deeper within that and take into account that some sectors are larger than others and therefore require more money to keep them running, i.e. social protection. Now I shall look at the different sectors and analyze each one, looking at the government’s main aims and objectives and comparing whether the money they are spending on each one is reflecting that; for example if in public order and safety the government wanted to initiate huge crackdown on underage drinkers and vandalism then surely the money spent in that area would be increased dramatically. I shall compare what was spent on those sectors in the year 2006 and compare that with the budget released in 2007. Taking into account inflation, which from 2006 to 2007 was 3% I can work out whether spending, has increased by a lot, remained the same or dropped. To begin with I shall look at the area of social protection, which is the largest of all spending. Social protection consists of policies and programs designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labor markets, diminishing people’s exposure to risks, enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against hazards and interruption or loss of income. In 2006 the government spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½151bn on social protection whereas in 2007 they spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½161bn, which even after taking into account inflation this is still a dramatic increase. This could by due to the fact that unemployment has risen from 2006 – 2007 and with employment and training being an area of social protection, more money is being spent to try and bring the figures down again. The next sector that I shall look at is the environment. Protecting the environment is a major concern for today’s government; well it has been for many years but even more so now. As Britain’s industry continues to expand and destroy most of our beloved countryside and pollute our skies, pressure groups and environmentalists increase the strain on the government to protect and instigate new legislation to help reduce the effects of the unstoppable industry. In attempts to keep these groups happy the government invests more money every year to meet their demands. Examples of these include the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½800m environmental transformation fund and funding for cleaner ways to produce energy such as wind farms and nuclear power. There has been an increase of expenditure for housing and environment from 2006 – 2007 of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4bn, which concludes the fact that it is an ever-increasing issue. This research indicates that current government spending in the environment does directly reflect the fact that is a main priority. In the past 3 years it has shown that the government has increased it’s spending by around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4bn per annum on the environment. If compared with other sections of spending, the environment ranks lower in comparison with others, such as social protection. This could signify that the environment is not classed as such a high priority; although relating to my earlier point of stating that the some areas are larger and therefore require more money suggests that it is not less of a priority. However, it could also be due to the fact that the government believes that protection of the population and the healthcare too are more of a priority than preserving the environment. So it can be looked at in both ways. I myself believe that the government thinks the environment is less of a priority and therefore less money should be invested there. Healthcare in Britain is different to that in most other countries in the way that we have adopted a system called the National Health Service. The NHS is paid for through our taxes and so therefore offers healthcare for everyone in the UK and securing the provision of comprehensive, high quality care for all those who need it, regardless of their ability to pay or where they live or their age. The aims set out by the Department of Health are to: * Supporting activity at national level to protect, promote and improve the nation’s health; * Securing responsive social care and child protection for those who lack the support they need. The key objectives for pursuing these aims are to: * To reduce the incidence of avoidable illness, disease and injury in the population. * To treat people with illness, disease or injury quickly, effectively and on the basis of need alone. * To enable people, who are unable to perform essential activities of daily living, including those with chronic illness, disability or terminal illness, to live as full and normal lives as possible. * To maximise the social development of children within stable family settings. These aims and objectives are generic to most years of the NHS but as research and new technologies develop the spending must increase to match demands of the population. In 2002 the Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that by 2008 there would be the largest ever increase in health spending at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½40bn. This is a huge enlargement of the budget spending and obviously shows that health is a main priority if the government is willing to increase it’s spending by this much. It has been released that every year there shall be an increase of around 4% on health spending. Although the government is injecting a large section of the budget into health care it is not dramatically increasing it every year and sacrificing other sector’s money to pour more into healthcare. The government is slowly increasing the amount spent in health and all the time, every year introducing new legislations and targets to make the NHS a more efficient and improved service for everyone within the UK. â€Å"We are determined to maintain our disciplined approach, determined not to make the old British mistakes of paying ourselves too much today at the cost of higher interest rates and fewer jobs tomorrow† – Gordon Brown This quote suggests that by not putting too much money into a single sector it reduces the chances of having an economic backlash in the future. I agree with this and believe that by making smaller steps and gradually increasing expenditure it improves the economy at a much greater scale in the long run and prevents unwanted repercussions that may damage the economy. By pushing more money into the sectors it could cause the desired effect to become counter-productive and hinder more than help. Some people believe that the budget is only increasing in the health sector by such amounts because the ongoing criticisms have driven the government to improve it’s image and please the people to keep the current party in power. Fostering high standards of education is the Government’s greatest responsibility. In England this responsibility lies with the Departments for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF). About 93 per cent of children are educated in state-run primary and secondary schools; the remainder go to independent schools that rely on privately-paid tuition fees. Through these central government organisations, the provision of education in the UK includes monitoring and improving standards in schools, colleges and universities; ensuring that everyone – no matter what disability or special need they may have – is included and has access to high quality education; promoting work experience for young people and vocational training for employees; and encouraging lifelong learning. Through the British Council, the Government actively promotes education in the UK to countries all over the world. Other major organisations help to guide and make welcome some 275,000 overseas students who currently enjoy the advantages of living and studying in the UK. Before June 2007 schools were the responsibility of the former Department for Education and Skills. Education is gradually becoming increasingly more important within the UK as greater than ever numbers of young graduates roam the job market relegating others without degrees into a league of themselves. To employers education is the main thing they look at on CVs, dismissing experience and background for the simple number on the piece of paper. So education is a main priority for the government to try and make Britain’s children as well qualified as they can be, pushing the economy further up the ladder and improving things for all. So education for the government has became a huge priority and this can be shown by the recent announcement to raise the school minimum leaving age to 18; offering college courses and apprenticeships and also A-Levels to every child. Implementing this new legislation would obviously require a huge increase in the budget allocated for education, which would either mean another increased tax, which has happened for the past 11 years while Gordon Brown had been Chancellor, or sacrificing other areas of spending to improve education. Making these decisions requires undoubtedly many months of thinking and consultation before arriving at a suitable judgment. In the 2007 budget report, the government announced that investment in education and skills would rise to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½90bn by 2010/2011. In a clearer spectrum, there is a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4bn increase from 2006 to 2007 then a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5bn increase from 2007 to 2008 and therefore proves that the government is gradually increasing the percentage increase spent on education annually. In evaluation it can be said that although there isn’t a dramatic increase in the spending on the education sector, there are other factors that affect the efficiency of it too. For example money may not be being spent efficiently in the employment and the social protection areas, which are having a direct effect on the education, this can easily be mistaken as problems within the education spending rather than stepping back and realising that it could be issues somewhere else. Increasing the funding in education and training programs could significantly reduce unemployment levels (a major concern for the government) and increase the productivity per worker. In the UK the productivity per worker is substantially lower than other countries such as the US and Germany by as far as 30% in 2002. I believe that education is a major priority for the current government as competition from other countries towers above Britain and with the productivity per worker as low as it is, surely suggests that something within the education sector must be improved to raise our working standards. As the investment in education carries on rising at such rates it must be taken for granted it is becoming an even greater priority, especially with other countries almost mocking us with their efficiency. In 2007 we missed 24 of our 57 targets set by the government in education which raised awareness of the problem widely and brought it to the forefront of priorities. I believe in Britain we need better qualifications to lower unemployment and bring our workforce into the productivity ranges we need to compete with other countries or otherwise our place in the world’s economy will gradually being to fall. In comparison with previous years spending the 2007 budget does not seem to have any major, out of place differences with previous years and generally it appears every sector has just risen with the same annual percentage. However it is within these sectors where the money expenditure has changed. Implementing new legislations and programs, eliminating ineffective ideas and changing the dynamics of how each area is run is where the change in money being spent has taken place. This is a pie chart to represent the budget was spent in 2006: In 2007: In conclusion the amount spent on each sector does reflect the amount to which it is a priority but many other factors must be taken into account when judging that. Some areas such as social protection are such a far larger sector than that of industry, agriculture, employment and training and therefore will ultimately require more money to keep it running smoothly and keep the economic balance. Other areas may be of greater importance and priority such as education, but by spending ridiculous amounts of money on it will be counter-productive and cause many long term problems so despite the fact it is more of a priority, by spending less money on it does not reflect that. By reviewing past years budgets and comparing them with more recent ones it is possible to find where greater amounts of spending has occurred and what sectors are gradually having a greater percentage increase in their spending annually. Another reason why spending doesn’t reflect current government priorities is because although spending may not increase that much, time and effort to reorganise and implement new legislation to improve an area could equally suggest that it is a priority but money would not solve it, just improving the efficiency would. Sometimes spending money on one area will directly affect another positively anyway such as improving education will also improve employment and training. As a general rule the government’s role is to keep inflation low, keep unemployment low, balance in international trade and maintain a flourishing and prospering economy. The government has been investing large amounts of money into training schemes and other projects that have ultimately led to the unemployment rate falling to 5.2% in February 2008. The claimant count was 793,500 in February 2008, down 2,800 over the previous month and down 126,500 over the year. This is the lowest figure since June 1975. The claimant count has now fallen for 17 consecutive months. This shows that the investments into training and education has led to the fall in unemployment which proves my theory that spending in other sectors subsequently helps others. One could just quite plainly say that the government spending does not reflect current government priorities or otherwise if it did then there would be a perfect economy because the money spent would be used to it’s full potential in exactly the right places, doing exactly the right thing; lowering unemployment, improving healthcare, lowering inflation etc. I believe that the difference in the previous budget and the current one describes the extent to which the budget reflects current government priorities better than the looking at the budget itself as the current priorities will determine how much spending will increase in each sector and those with the larger increases (after taking into account inflation) show that they are more of a priority than those with little or no increase. Generally, the government invests the money into areas which is sees to be crucial for the future, so dependent on the priorities, the budget is spent taking into account these and areas of needed development; so if it isn’t spent directly reflecting government priorities, it has taken these into account and spent it most wisely considering areas that need improvement but are not always priorities. Bibliography http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/fiscalpolicy/public_spending.htm http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/economy/policy/tools/government/ http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/fiscalpolicy/public_spending.htm http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/economy/policy/tools/government/gexpex.htm http://budget2007.treasury.gov.uk/page_09.htm http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/budget/budget_07/bud_bud07_index.cfm http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/spending_review/spend_index.cfm http://budget2006.treasury.gov.uk/page_09.html http://www.adb.org/SocialProtection/default.asp http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/Documents/UK_Economy/Fiscal_Policy/ukecon_fisc_policy99.cfm http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780198776222/carlin_chap05.pdf http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/index.htm http://www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=844 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/ http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/bank/business/external/policy/expl.htm http://www.pm.gov.uk/output/Page7489.asp

The Current Positioning Of Pepsi Corporation Commerce Essay

Pepsi International is a universe renowned trade name. It is a really good organized transnational company, which operates about all over the universe. They produce, one of best carbonated drinks in the universe. Pepsi is a symbol of hygiene, quality and service, all over the universe. Pepsi is bring forthing Cola for more than 100 old ages and it has dominated the universe market for a long clip. Its caput office is in New York. PepsiCo is the 2nd largest nutrient and drink company in the universe. It manufactures markets and sells a assortment of salty, sweet and grain-based bites, carbonated and non-carbonated drinks PepsiCo seeks to accomplish growing and long-run value in its operational activities by making competitory advantages through new merchandise invention.MISSION STATEMENTâ€Å" To be the universe ‘s prime consumer Merchandises Company focused on convenient nutrients and drinks. We seek to bring forth healthy fiscal wagess to investors as we provide chances for growing and enrichment to our employees, our concern spouses and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honestness, equity and unity. †VISION STATEMENTâ€Å" To be the universe ‘s best drink company † . Bing the best agencies supplying outstanding quality, service, cleanliness and value, so that their every client is contented and happy with their merchandises. † â€Å" To increase the value of their stockholder ‘s investing through gross revenues growing, cost control and wise investing of resources. †Fact ABOUT THE CompanyPepsi is a USA based public company whose stocks are available in New York. Mountain Dew, acquired by Pepsi-Cola in 1964, switches its advertisement and bundle artworks room bushwhackers to action-oriented scenes. The 3rd Mountain Dew motto appeared in 1973 â€Å" Put A Small Yahoo in Your Life. † PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut, Inc. Pizza Hut was founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney. Taco Bell is was acquired by Pepsi. Taco Bell was established in the mid 1960s by Glen Bell. PepsiCo purchased Kentucky Fried Chicken, the leader in the speedy service poulet market. KFC was founded by Colonel Harland Sanders. Colonel Sanders began franchising the company in 1952. KFC was spun off along with Pizza Hut and Taco Bell concerns as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. in 1997. PepsiCo purchases Seven-Up International, the 3rd largest franchise soft drink operation outside the United States SWOT Analysis, which is based on thorough reappraisal of the concern ( corporation, merchandise class competition, clients and merchandises ) , individualities and evaluates the internal strengths and failing of the companies good as its external menaces and chances. The selling mix is driven by the consequences of the SWOT analysis.2.1. StrengthDemand of Pepsi is more than its rivals. Company has a really established name and a good repute. Pepsi has big market portion than its rivals. As the mark clients of Pepsi is immature coevals, so Pepsi has more trade name loyal clients. Most of the clients are satisfied with the monetary value of the Pepsi. Pepsi is an international company and it has a really strong place internationally. The environment of mill is really good and attractive. Pepsi spends a batch of budget on its advertisement. Pepsi has a really huge distribution channel and it is easy available everyplace. Employees are besides motivated. Peoples like the gustatory sensation and quality ofA PepsiA around the universe Pepsi has heavy advertisement and publicity activities Pepsi offers many price reduction strategies for clients clip to clip. Pepsi Cola is patronizing athleticss, musical concerts, walks2.2. WEAKNESSESPepsi does non offer any kind of inducement or price reduction to its retail merchants. Pepsi target merely immature clients in their publicities. Crown of the disposable bottle is non good. Demand of disposal bottle is worsening. Result of low profile or non-existent advertisement Pepsi Sn battalion is non available in far off rural countries. Pepsi is non sing many possible mercantile establishments like hotels, college canteens etc. Most of the drinks supply is restricted to few states. Lack of invention. Lack of popularity of many Pepsi ‘s trade names Health issues2.3. OPPORTUNITIESInvention Company may get down come ining rural countries besides. The company may besides diversify its concern in some other possible concern. Launch healthy drinks Increase mineralA waterA gross revenues Increased involvement of people in musical groups, cultural shows and athleticss has provided an chance for Pepsi to increase its gross revenues through them. Overtake rivals Increase Awareness plans New engineerings that entree efficiencies. Launch otherA PepsiA discrepancies in the untapped states.2.4. MenaceThe chief rival of the company is the Coca Cola. At the international degree, Pepsi has a really strong competition with Coke. Coke has started its advertizements more efficaciously to increase their demand and it is a really strong menace for Pepsi. New entrants are gainingA market portion Ongoing recession Cola drinks are non good for the wellness so the awareness degree of the people is increasing which is a large menace to the company Decrease in PepsiA brandA value in last few old ages. Some negative wellness consequence Economy instability in 3rd universe states Economic height become stillborn Political instability in few states The monetary values of natural stuffs such as sugar and metals utilizing in fabrication are increasing quickly. Adversary is Thinking Seriously About Textile Sector Market Bounded trade names3.1. Political Factor:Political StabilityWhenever the authorities is considered to be stable, the concern will boom. If there is political stableness in the state the policies and schemes made by Pepsi can be consistent to be implemented. Foreign companies are besides acute to put in those states which are politically stable where they have no fright of diminution in their market portion or close down due to sudden alteration of authorities.Assorted EconomyIn assorted economic system authorities and private sector both plays their function in developing the economic system of the state. Investing by foreign companies like Pepsi is more likely to boom in assorted economic system.Laws FormulationGovernment has given transcript rights to Pepsi so that another company can non sell their merchandise by the name of Pepsi. The states where Torahs are formulated, the schemes and activities of the company are different.Social ResponsibilityPepsi ‘s societal duty is to supply its clients with clean and hygienic merchandise so to make this they have increased the usage of disposable bottles.3.2. Economic Factor:Income and Income per CapitaIf the income degree or per capita income of the people increases, it will hold a positive consequence on the ingestion of Pepsi.InflationIf the state faces inflationary tendency in the market, the monetary value of the Pepsi will finally increase which will take down its demand.Consumption BehaviorUnited Kingdom and other states are ingestion oriented societies. Due to demonstration consequence the people are more inclined towards ingestion than salvaging. So the people spent to a great extent on nutrient points. Hence Pepsi has a good market portion in the present fortunes.Income DistributionIt means how much is in the custodies of rich and hapless category. In World 10 % rich people posses 93 % of wealth and 90 % people posses 7 % of wealth. If there is balanced distribution of income in the state, the ingesti on of the people will increase hence increasing the gross revenues of drinks every bit good.Payment ModAs the usage of fictile money is increasing the ingestion form of the people are increasing. Although it will hold a low affect on the ingestion of Pepsi.Employment OpportunitiesAs employment chances increase the living criterion of the people addition and the people consume more.Aggregate DemandIn instance of Pepsi, aggregative demand of the merchandise increases in the season of summer as the hot conditions makes the consumers want to imbibe more.Aggregate SupplyIn summer season to get by up with the increasing demand they have to increase the aggregative supply of their merchandise.Economic PoliciesSome of the economic policies which can impact the market of Pepsi are discussed below:Fiscal PolicyIt is the policy of revenue enhancements. If heavy revenue enhancement is levied on Pepsi so its monetary value will lift holding negative consequence on its ingestion.Monetary PolicyMo netary policy is made to curtail or increase the supply of money in the market. If policies are made to curtail the flow of money in the market, rising prices can be controlled therefore increasing the existent income of the people which will finally impact the ingestion of Pepsi.Monetary value PolicyIf monetary value of Pepsi is increased its demand will diminish and frailty versa.Income PolicyIf income of the people will increase their buying power will increase and therefore increasing the market portion of Pepsi?3.3. SOCIAL FACTORS:PsychographicIt is a combination of demographic and psychological factors. Psychological properties mean how you perceive things. The company will concentrate on the behaviour of consumers and do different alterations in their merchandise measure or quality and in advancing their merchandise so that they can pull the clients. Keeping in position that the behaviour of different consumers is non alike they have to do their selling schemes in conformity with their demands so that they are convinced to purchase the merchandise.ReligiousReligious factors can act upon the market gross revenues of Pepsi as it happened in 2003 when the U.S-led onslaught on Iraq, broad subdivisions of society in Pakistan have banned American multinationals Coke and PepsiSocial StatusPepsi is a good celebrated trade name. Peoples who are trade name witting will non imbibe drinks of lesser known trade names. They will seek to demo their position by imbibing Pepsi which is known to all as a quality drink.MediaIt is a really of import factor for selling. Media these yearss is a really effectual manner of animating people to purchase a specific merchandise. A good publicity can tout up gross revenues to a great extent.3.4. Technological Factor:Research and DevelopmentThrough research and development quality of the merchandise can be improved or better techniques or machinery can be developed which can increase the production. When engineering is advance the s upply of the merchandise addition hence the company experiences growing in their concern. Pepsi operates in about all the states and these are besides technological factors: Introduction of tins and plastic Bottles Newer and attractive DesignsA State-of-the-art workss Ad3.5. OTHERS Factors:3.5.1. DEMOFGRAPHIC Factor:AgeThe demands of different age groups are different. Pepsi should aim that age group that consumes it the most and do promotional schemes harmonizing to their behaviour. So their chief mark is the immature coevals.EducationA company has to do promotional schemes maintaining in position the client degree. If the per centum of instruction is high in a state so through advertizements people can be made good cognizant of their merchandise and can convey their message easy. Promotion and instruction has a direct relationship.Population DistributionPopulation distribution means how much [ population lives urban countries and rural countries. Pepsi is concentrating on urban countries as people there are more inclined towards such drink while people in rural countries are more inclined imbibing desi drinks.3.5.2. Physical Factor:RegionWorld is divided into different geographical parts. Selling and gross revenues of Pepsi is different in diffe rent geographical parts. In hot countries its demand is more.City SizeThe metropoliss which are dumbly populated the ingestion of Pepsi is more.ClimatePepsi is more suited for humid or hot weather-beaten states. It is a beginning of refreshment when a individual is 30 due to the hot conditions.InfrastructureRoadss are the basic demand for transit of Pepsi from one topographic point to another. Pepsi can non open mills in every metropolis so it has to transport it to other metropoliss where Pepsi is demanded. Electricity is the basic necessity for production of any merchandise. Changeless burden casting slows down the procedure of production which leads to less production and low market portion. The selling universe is full of surprises. Who could conceive of that Coca Cola would be overtaken by Pepsi? If Coke could be overrun by Pepsi, it would be no admiration that Pepsi might be overtaken by some other drink. The demand so is to unite quality with inventiveness. Along with that, the repute of the company has to be kept robust. Today we live in a fast moving universe where freshness and newness count a batch. One can non rest on one ‘s awards. Fresh attempts, newness of attack must stay the central rules of a well orchestrated selling scheme and the run must be relentless. A uninterrupted barrage in advertizement would convert the clients that Pepsi is a portion of their lives. In order to populate with manner, Pepsi ought to be an indispensable ingredient of one ‘s life. The Pepsi is at its adulthood phase and the gross revenues of company are non turning really quickly. Company is making a batch of promotional activities to allow the merchandise remain in the market. It holds a big portion of the market and whenever the gross revenues province worsening, the company can better it by different promotional activities. Sellers of Pepsi can seek to better gross revenues by bettering one or more selling mix elements. They can cut monetary values to pull new users and rival ‘s clients. They can besides establish a better advertisement run or usage aggressive gross revenues publicity to better the gross revenues. Therefore, Pepsi is at its adulthood phase. Pepsis, the pick of Generation next is non supplying the first pick of immature coevals. A immature coevals wants something strong in cold drinks & A ; therefore prefers Thumsup. Pepsi should come out with some excess strong gustatory sensation to catch up maximal immature coevals & A ; to go precisely Generation Next drink. Company should name competent & A ; honest salesman so that they could supply strategies to the full retail merchant ‘s & A ; cover their full path. It is frequently seen that some salesman do non adumbrate strategies to the retail merchant & A ; few of the retail merchants complained about it. So there should be frequent visits of Customer Executives to their several countries to maintain the tradesmans benefited with assorted strategies. Delay in get downing of supply new waves from several terminal should be checked & amp ; a proper clip registry should be maintained. Most of the retail merchants are kicking about non-fulfillment of committednesss sing their sampling. Company should do certain that the retail merchants get the sampling on clip so that they are satisfied. Most of the retail merchants are kicking about hold & A ; no replacing of burst bottles. Marketing Management should screen some solutions to this major job of replacing burst bottles. One-half filled bottles should besides be checked at the clip of issue of goods from the distributer ‘s travel down to the several paths. Company should seek to give some recognition installation to the distributers so that they get motivated. Credit installation for retail merchants should be provided. Proper feedback system should be developed by guaranting regular visits & A ; look into indiscriminately at the assorted mercantile establishments Pepsi is a good renowned company and it has maintained its place good by understanding the client psychological science, by guaranting quality, by presenting inventiveness in merchandises, by enlarging its merchandise base, by maintaining economic factors in position and by intense and jazzy advertizements. Whenever and where of all time there is a spotlight event, Pepsi must calculate in, like the cricket and football lucifers between any state and many other such occasions. The cardinal word for success in the Marketing World is to â€Å" stay in the limelight † and that is what Pepsi is making. SWOT Analysis of Pepsi, which is based on thorough reappraisal of the concern ( corporation, merchandise class competition, clients and merchandises ) , individualities and evaluates the internal strengths and failing of the company good as its external menaces and chances.

Marketing transportation homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing transportation homework - Essay Example Supplying and selling goods across international boundaries are affected by different macroeconomic factors. They can be political in nature where the tariffs, Non-Tariff Barriers and import quotas imposed by the host country can affect the supply chain. Free trade policy has significantly decreased these barriers to trade. Currency fluctuation in foreign country, size of the market, income profile of the consumers and economic infrastructure exhibit distinct effects on supply chain. Also the foreign country is subjected to change due to cultural and regional differences. Before starting any business across national boundaries of a country these factors must be taken into account. After considering the feasibility and profitability the firm approaches to different countries. This whole process comprises of series of activities such as international documentation, following the terms and conditions of sales, methods of payment through international freight forwarders. The shipment coming from another country must contain a certificate of origin which indicates the country from which it belongs and invoices supporting commercial and financial activities. There must be a letter of instruction to the shipper and a declaration from the shipper for ensuring the safety and security of the product. Terms of sales, known as Inco terms 2000, are mandatory for every exporter to follow. Free alongside Ship (FAS), where it is the seller’s responsibility to make necessary arrangements for delivery of the goods, assuming all the risks associated with delivery, Free on Board (FOB), where the responsibility of all risks is on the seller till the point of delivery. Once the shipment crosses the ship’s rail, responsibility of goods is totally on the buyer. Another example can be Delivery Duty Paid (Seller’s is obliged to pay the cost of delivering the goods and

Managing Activities to Achieve Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Managing Activities to Achieve Results - Essay Example Diffusion of innovations would also help in improving the core focus of the organization that would help it to sustain itself in the competitive and turbulent business environment. Techniques for Improvement In order to achieve diffusion of innovation in the organization, Apple must adopt a strategy that tends to integrate the different functionalities of the organization. This would also include aligning its organization culture and structure so as to bring about greater diffusion of innovation in the organization. A flat organizational structure with greater functional independence would go about towards generating innovations and would also reduce barriers of communications that would help bring about diffusion of innovations. A ‘zootechnical’ form of innovation which includes use of technology to integrate the organizational culture and the aspect of innovation could be adopted by the organization (Manrique et al, 2000, p.107). In addition the organizational culture must also implement an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) (what is ERP?) that would help it to integrate its different functional units that would help in better coordination and information sharing which would enable better diffusion of innovation in the organization. Apple must also incorporate the ‘Kaizen’ philosophy in the organization. Kaizen philosophy calls for a continuous improvement in the business process by inducing in a process of continuous learning. Adopting this philosophy would help the organization to achieve its objectives by enhancing the learning curve of the employees as well as the organization. This is important as innovations are largely based on learning and knowledge and enhancement of the learning curve can actually go about a long way in inducing employees to indulge in continuous improvement as employees would continuously develop new ideas for the betterment of the business. This in turn would lead to innovations which is the core competen ce of the firm. The importance of Kaizen philosophy is that it tends to include the organizational culture by helping the organization to continuously improve its culture that leads to innovation (Christensen, Betz & Stein, 2007, p.68). JIT and SPC The Just in Time approach is a part of the philosophy of operational excellence. The Just in Time approach envisages a situation in which organizations keep a minimum stock of inventory with them and stock minimal volume of goods. This helps in reducing the inventory carrying costs for a company as only a bare minimum inventory is stocked. This technique has been successfully employed by organizations like Dell and Toyota to derive competitive advantage. The implementation of Just in Time requires a close synchronisation with the suppliers of the organization. It has also been observed that incorporating a Just in Time approach would help foster a better relationship with the organization and the suppliers (Pride & Ferrell, 2010, p.329). is the whole paragraph from this reference? Organizational Issue : a little more detail is needed here. What happens due to this organisational issue. What affect does it have on the organisation? The main issue faced by Apple is with regards to the aspect of promoting innovations and its subsequent diffusion into

Introduction to business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to business - Essay Example The US retail industry is about $4.13 trillion. Discussion Competition in the Home Improvement Market – both Lowe’s and Home Depot are in effect after the same segment of customers. These are the people who undertake renovations, repairs or major upgrades on their homes. Three likely sources of revenue growth for a retail chain are the following: opening new stores, increase sales revenue per store and expand item offerings. The current recession has ruled out implementing any of these three options and so it is quite understandable that the competition gets tougher with the same set and number of customers. The difficult financial conditions has likewise slowed the demand for items being offered at both stores although they price their products practically the same. More importantly, demand for D-I-Y (do it yourself) home products are waning due to the recession. People are concerned with the values of their home during difficult times and will naturally tend to postpo ne discretionary spending (Quinn, 2009, p. 1). Home renovations, repairs and expansion are generally optional expenses and can be postponed when necessary.

Elementary Education Major Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elementary Education Major - Research Paper Example In this paper, I want to explain why I regard this course to be among the best courses given in our universities, its benefits, and some of the challenges that one can encounter as a profession. I am planning to bring-out my original assumptions, my findings from research and my final discoveries. What I Know, Assume or Imagine What I know is that several universities and constituent colleges distributed throughout this country offer this course. However, each university has specific qualifications requirements for admission in this course. The course takes four years when studied on full time bases. I am aware that the course involves assessments that vary depending with the intended purpose. For somebody to graduate, it is mandatory that the person must have passed all the assessments. My assumptions are that University of Florida is the best in offering this course and that it is among the ones that admit most students on the course. Another assumption that I have is that after th e four years of study and successful assessments I will come out of this university a fully qualified and competent elementary school teacher. I also have an assumption that I will be able to obtain a job soon after graduation. In addition, I have the assumption that that the course might be involving but not that much challenging and that I have full ability to handle it. What I imagine is how the teaching process and assessment process will be looking like. I imagine an assessment like being told to teach an elementary class while you are being assessed by a tutor or a supervisor. I also imagine what the course content might be. My imagination is that it will contain some course units teaching about learning behaviors and effective running styles. In this imagination, I suppose that it will criticize cramming and emphasize on understanding among students. Most of these imaginations, that I am not sure of them, might be true or false and might exist or not exist. The search One maj or component found in elementary education major course is field experience (Freshman Academic Advisory Services 3). Thus as an education major I should expect to find various fieldwork tasks throughout my training period. In most cases, supervisors or tutors will offer guidance and coaching on how those fieldwork activities should be effectively undertaken. Such activities could be both challenging and enjoyable depending on personal traits and characteristics. According to Harmon and Jones (20), the focus of education has changed from schooling as a preparation for participation in society to schooling as a vehicle to social change. Therefore, education professionals are required to develop not only the teaching skills but also interactive skills necessary for generating social change among students. As an education profession in the making, I am prepared to develop and nurture those skills that will make me a better elementary schools educator by the end of my training. The eleme ntary education should recover the characteristic compassion of children, which requires nurturing and protection from corruptive social forces (Letts and Sears 28). As an elementary school educator, I realize that I will be the one expected to play the key role in recovering this characteristic compassion of children among my students. I should thus ensure that I gain the required skills and tactics required to

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 24

Summary - Essay Example Lake opposes this misperception, as he asserts that Herring did not cut Jordan to underestimate him and to choose a taller player only, but because he and his staff knew that Jordan needs further preparation. Instead of being an unfair coach, Lake shows Herring as a real person with real contributions to, not only Jordan’s growth as a basketball player, but as a person, and a real person with his own challenges, and not just someone who consciously failed to see Jordan’s greatness. Lake introduces the hardships of choosing who gets to be varsity players and how Herring follows objective criteria in the selection process, contrary to what Jordan and many others believe. Lake goes back a little more than three decades ago to the place where the infamous cutting occurred. He describes the anxiety that grips adolescents who merely want to prove their basketball worth and to hone themselves better as varsity players. After that, he illustrates the kind of man that Pop is. He is called Pop because he is more than a basketball coach. He acted more like a father in how he trains his players every day and how he welcomes them to his house like family. Lake zooms into the actual tryout date, emphasizing the difference between Mike, Michael Jordan’s high school nickname, then and now in terms of height and basketball skills. He underlines that Mike is as competitive as he is now as he was in his youth, but he was an average shooter during the tryouts. Lake also ex plains that the selection process is objective, where a group of coaches compares notes before everything is finalized. He emphasizes that Jordan was a sophomore then and sophomores rarely get chosen for the senior varsity list, and that, in opposite to what many people, including Jordan himself, believed, Mike did get to the jayvee (junior) roster list. Lake proves that Pop

Types of Terrorism Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Types of Terrorism - Case Study Example Terrorism is characterised by use of violence indiscriminatively against civilians with intensions of gaining publicity of cause for individuals or groups. Bioterrorism is a kind of terrorism that involves the dessemination of any bioplogical agent, in its natural or modified human form and that agent has anadverse effect on the health of individuals. The biological agents here may include but not limited to bacteria, bacterial toxins, fungal toxins and viruses. This are sometimeds descrinbed as biological weapons and have been used in warefare in manay nations incliuding the United States of America. Bioterrorism is one of the most attractive weapon for terrorism because it consist mainly of the biological agents and hence less expensive dispite the fact that it causes wide spread panic and fear as well as the actual physical damages that they cause to the body. Bioterrorism has a wider and undiscriminatory impact if applied in millitary or warfare. Because of these reasons therefor e the use of biological agents may only be useful in terrorism. As observed by Guillemin (2001), the use of biological agents have wide range of limitations for their use in war since it effectsis experienced passsed the target groups and individuals. It is not possible to dissminate the biological agents such that only the enemy is affected and in most instances, even the friendly forces are affected by the biolofgical agent (Guillemin, 2001). It is therefore useful for the terrorits due to the ease of creating mass panicx as well as disrupting the society and their activities. As warned by Fong & Alibek (2009), there is potential power that the results and advanccements in genetic engineering is palcing on the hands of the terrorists in the future. In his study he has also indicated that the genetic technology would benefit the terrorists more thn it would benefit its intensions in the future. Bioterrorism also includes also those aspects of the use of bioloical agents to disriupt a wider range of the society and the peole living in the society. This does not mean that it must result into the deaths of the peole but it may result into wider impact on the economy in terms of economic losses and other impacts. For example, in the year 2001 and the year 2007, the United kingdom witnessed the a wide outbreak and spread of the foot and mouth disease. While this did not infect the humans, it resulted into serious econnomic damages as well as public concerns and panic. Bioterrorism therefore includes both the aspects economy as well as the health of individual populations and the impacts such as panic, infections or deaths. Bioterrorism is also different from natural outbreak. This is because the natural outbreaks are not engineered by anybody but occur naturally while bioterrorism includes the use of biological gagents that are directed towards an individual or poipulation. Anthrax oubreak is one of the impacts of the biological agents used in bioterrorism in many nations. Anthrax is caused by a spore forming bacterium known as Bacillus anthracis. It is non contagious and hence transmissiom from one individual to the other through contacts is not very easy. Bacillus anthracis was first use in biological warfare in in germana when the German working stafs were supplied with the anthrax bacterium and used it against the Russian Army in Finland (Guillemin, 2010). The most recent attack and outbreak

Media Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Media Review - Essay Example ocial policy begun in 2011 through the aid of the digital internet transition who’s aim was to come up with new opportunities that have continually led the innovative forms of investigative journalism. As a result, Ai Media for the past two years have continuously embarked on diligently using the social media (Face Book, Twitter and YouTube) to reach out and share information with regard to the deaf and hearing impaired in the US community. In essence, the company focus more on the disabled persons, and how they should also be given a chance in participating in this company and the products that the company provides. In response, the company continually welcomes feedbacks and suggestions regarding such reactions and comments that are given out by all participants (Flynn 4). Of importance to note is that, Ai-Media has certain principles and guidelines that the company uses in ensuring their media policy remain an efficient tool of communication. To begin with, this social policy ensures that the concept of the community is well understood in terms of giving support to either side (clientele and the company). Secondly, contents found on the social media are friendly to the clientele and further embrace the presence of opinion diversity. This must go in line with the materials that are posted on the social media, the audience involved and the judgement that the company gives. In addition, Ai-Media is conscious and transparent of their intention. Basically, the company is sensitive on placing posts on individual clientele or organisation regarding their nationality, gender, sexual preference, disability and any other related issues. According to Flynn (4), it is worth mentioning that, the social policy must be in a position to assist the concerned persons. In this case, the Ai-Media is mainly concerned with a particular group of people –the disabled (hearing impaired and deaf) thus bringing value as would be expected. In the

Songs of the 50s Essay Example for Free

Songs of the 50s Essay Songs of the 1950s Songs of the 50s In this paper I will research and identify 5 songs of the 1950s and what the songs reflect about the culture, mood, and values of the 1950s and the ethnic groups the artists came from. I will also discuss how accurately the songs reflect the mood, value, and perceptions of the 1950s as discussed in our readings, Nation of Nations. â€Å"All I Have To Do Is Dream† The first song I would like to address would be: â€Å"All I Have To Do Is Dream,† by the Everly Brothers. This song reiterates the basic ideology of the 1950s associated with â€Å"the good life. The song offers a neat synopsis of the mood, values, and perceptions of this era, for example, the song states â€Å"only trouble is, gee whiz, I’m dreamin’ my life away†¦. † This quote shows the leisure time available to Americans, it also reflects the time of hope during this era. The song also reflects a strong sense of optimism, confidence, and overall comfort afforded by this era. This song also seems to echo the general sentiments of the time in terms of the open attitudes toward sex with some of the romantic lyrics. Since the baby boom initiated during this era the lyrics to the mood and values are represented in the lyrics above. Since America emerged from World War II, in this era this song reinforces the American Dream. The song gives the mood and perception of happiness at having a secure job, owning a house, etc†¦ â€Å"A Lot of Livin’ To Do† â€Å"A Lot of Livin’ To Do† by Sammy Davis Jr. , Mr. Davis represents both the African American and Hispanic races and this song’s lyrics also embody the era because of the references to the â€Å"good life† with â€Å"And there’s wine, already for tasting. And there’s Cadillac’s, all shiny and new. Gotta move, cause time is wasting. There’s such a lot of livin’ to do. † These lyrics indicate the era because it was called â€Å"the culture of consumption. † The Americans experienced a large scale of spending during this time period. The song’s reference to fancy cars shows that consumer’s values definitely dominated the American economy and culture during the 1950’s. A Combination of Lyrics Through my research for this assignment I found several songs that reflected the moods of this era that did not relate to the â€Å"good life† that I would like to touch base on. My Captain† by Muddy Waters clearly reflects on the issues of the difficult working conditions for an African-American man in a big city. Their lyrics reveal racial undertones as well as the tensions and divisions within America at the time. Two other lyrics that I felt were important regarding this e ra was â€Å"Korean War Blues† and â€Å"Eisenhower Blues† by J. B. Lenoir. These songs reflect the political strive associated with containing communism during this era and the political paranoia underlying the times. The connection to the mood, perceptions, values, and politics are found in the words from the song â€Å"Korean War Blues,† â€Å"Lord I got my questionnaire, Uncle Sam’s gonna send me away from here; Lord I got my questionnaire, Uncle Sam’s gonna send me away from here; He said J. B. you know that I need you, Lord I need you in South Korea. † These lines reinforce the fear and the paranoia associated with the Red Scare and containment. Yakety-Yak The final song on my list is â€Å"Yakety-Yak† by The Coasters, this song again reflects on the era’s carefree attitude and the triumphant mood of democracy in a light way. It was also a time for teenage rebellion due to the introduction of rock-n-roll. Many adults, parents, and teachers opposed rock and roll as an emerging genre and form of social protest. The lyrics of this song exemplify the generation gap and strain as the kids were fighting for freedom from the adults, â€Å"Don’t you give me no dirty looks, your father’s hip, he knows what cooks, just tell you hoodlum friends outside, you ain’t got time to take a ride, Yakety yak, don’t talk back. † Conclusion Through the course of research for this paper I learned a great deal about the moods, values, perceptions, and politics that were expressed through songs. Even though some of the songs reflected a casual happy life style there were also the songs that reflected the imperfections of the era. This was a difficult time due to the war ending, desegregation was taking place, and it was also the time of the baby boomers. Through the songs of the 1950’s I discovered that many artists were able to vocalize their own point f view on the events of the era. References: Resource Readings: Davidson et al. : Nation of Nations, Third Concise Edition, Volume II  © The McGraw? Hill Companies, 2002 Lyrics Depot:  © 2008 LyricsDepot. com. All Rights Reserved. Retrieved February 10, 2008. http://www.lyricsdepot.com/the-everly-brothers/all-i-have-to-do-is-dream.html http://custom-essay-cheap.com/songs-of-the-50s/ http://www.biography.com/people/muddy-waters-9525002 http://timshorrock.blogspot.com/2005/01/down-in-mississippi.html http://www.metrolyrics.com/yakety-yak-lyrics-the-coasters.html

Characters Compared to Celebrities Essay Example for Free

Characters Compared to Celebrities Essay Tom Buchanan is the husband of Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Tom can be described as an extremely wealthy brute of a man. He is very athletic and successful. Tom is also very selfish, and he will do anything to get what he wants. In addition he has absolutely no shame in anything that he does and he thinks very highly of himself. Tom is very judgemental and often forces confrontation. These characteristics can be found in many spoiled and greedy celebrities, one of which is Donald Trump. Three qualities that we will examine between Tom and Donald will be greed, selfishness, and  I would think that Tom represents a Donald Trump figure. Toms fairly ostentatious state of being in the opening chapter is something akin to Trump. Additionally, Tom has no problem with the magnitude of me and the sense of his own superiority. Indeed, Trump is similar in that he has no shortage of faith in self. Where I think that their real connection lies in how they feel that their success allows them to parlay this into speaking with an air of authority on any subject. Tom has no basis or any idea to speak of the coloured people or the threatening of the White society. He holds no degrees of advanced study in this field nor does his theory even make logical sense. Yet, because he is wealthy and represents a sense of power, he is able to speak with absolute clarity, and presumes that others will take what he says as gospel, as if the law is being written as it is being said. Trump operates in much of the same manner. He believes that his insights on national topics are relevant because he is a success. He can publicly weigh out a run for the political office of President because of his success and his wealth. His ability to speak of issues such as 9/11 or Rosie ODonnell are only accepted, or entertained because of his wealth. In this manner, Tom and Trump are fairly similar.

Studying The Erp System Problems

Studying The Erp System Problems Hindustan Unilever Limited is Indias largest fast moving consumer goods company. The common HUL brands include Kwality Walls icecream, Knorr soups and meal makers,Lifebuoy,Lux,Pears,Breeze,Sunsilk and Dove shampoos, Vim dishwash, Lakme beauty products etc. Problems faced by the company before ERP implementation: There was an arrival of modern trade in India. Its business infrastructure and various legacy systems were unable to meet the requirement for transactions and process capabilities of the modern trade.A legacy system means the computer has been in operation for a longer time and so its functions. Hindustan Unilever was not able to streamline its business operation. There was a need of much more smooth flow of information. HUL was facing a challenge of ensuring the optimization of business to have solutions to changing market needs.Company was also facing the challenge of reducing its stock replenishment cycle. Need for ERP implementation: To optimize business process and simplify IT management. 2. Consolidation of process is necessary.This must be done internally as well as across the value chain. 3. For the preservation of investment related to legacy inventory and cash-to-order management system.Cash to order management system is for the business partners. 4. Integrate with business partners IT infrastructure quickly and seamlessly. 5. To improve information sharing with partners even if they are not using SAPs solution. 6 .Increasing Supply Chain efficiency through process centric collaboration across the enterprise-internally and externally. 7. Enhancing the value of legacy system. 8. ERP system was also needed to ensure the distribution of goods at the right time at right places In this period of modern trade one needs to deliver a service level that is higher than what the industry provides right now and their supply chain has to be such that it is superior to its competitors. Their older version of ERP system was such that it was not able to meet these needs.Hence they were in search of a system which would help in catering like meeting future transactions of modern trade. HUL also realized that good communication skills and tight communication links was necessary for the optimization of its business and achieving higher efficiency of their supply chain . However, ensuring good connectivity between HULs IT system with its distributors was not an easy. Earlier the company was using an e-business system which was developed inhouse. This was to manage the processes of replenishment and order fulfilment. This was done by exchanging inventory and sales data between itself and their distributors. Synchronization was also necessary. But because their customers had multiple, different systems of their own, integrating their system with those customers to and ensuring smooth data exchange was a challenging task for them . Furthermore, the module of the E-Business system was customized..So as their business experienced growth, there were problems managing themselves with changing business needs. HUL has developed a standard distributor management system in a distributed general trade environment. If one wants the extended supply chain to be covered, the operations of the distributor needs to be integrated tightly with its internal Enterprise resource planning solutions .The system is functioning quite good, Hindustan Unilever Limited wants to its investment t be preserved in this area. Therefore the new ERP application must be able to integrate itself with this back-office application, so that the company can continue to use its borrowed money well or leverage and maximise this into the future. ERP IMPLEMENTATION It was in 2004 when HUL decided to renovate its IT system with SAP. By utilizing SAP as their provider of standard IT solutions , utilizing its enterprise which is full of different features, solutions and it fine experience in the consumer goods industry,thy will be able to execute their global transformation strategy. This strategy was aimed at streamlining and standardising the business processes across all its operations including global operations.It was to accelerate their transformation of business and simplify their IT department. The deal for HUL was SAP NetWeaver Process Integration (SAP NetWeaver PI) which enabled process-centric collaboration internally and across HULs extended value chain. SAP NetWeaver PI facilitated communication and an transfer of info between different applications together or multiple applications irrespective of whether it is an SAP or non-SAP solution. Why SAP implementation? It supported wide range of integrated Advanced Business Application Programmiing(ABAP) and SAP applications which are based on Java used throughout Hindustan Unilever Provided opportunity to drive new enhanced change and transport system functionality of SAP Solution Manager Phase 1 of HULs SAP implementation It was in Sept 2007. It was marked with the end of its legacy ERP and its e-business systems. The solutions which were deployed included SAP ERP Central Component (SAP ECC), SAP NetWeaver PI, SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence (SAP NetWeaver BI), SAP NetWeaverComposition Environment (SAP NetWeaver CE), SAP NetWeaver Portal, SAP Solution Manager and SAP Supply Chain Management (SAP SCM). The most important thing for them is that by implementing SAP NetWeaver platform, they are fit to consolidate and exchange data which is critical for business across their internal processes and also externally with their partners,their various suppliers and different partners too. For eg, HUL is now able to retain or hold back its investment in Central Unify and Unify which is also their aim.It is possible due to SAP NetWeaver PI. It is due to this software that integration of the the legacy inventory and order-to-cash management system is now possible with the rest of the SAP-based system. SAP NetWeaver Portal is another SAP NetWeaver component that HUL is most impressed with , which is right now used for customer collaboration. Integration of HULs IT system with its distributors IT systems is now possible by replacing its e-business system with this portal. This therefore results in the replenishment and order fulfilment process. With SAP NetWeaver PI, we have finally streamlining, advancement and integration of their process capability hs finally become possible because of their SAP NetWeaver PI. This also has resulted in the enhancement of HULs ability in meeting modern trades demand. Phase 2 of SAP implementation: Includes implementation of SAP Customer Relationship Management, SAP Transportation Planning and Vehicle Scheduling, SAP Advanced Planning Optimisation Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. Manufacturing/Production software: The Distribution Module of MFG / PRO offers users Functionality in the areas of Purchase, Inventory, Sales and Distribution, Configured Products and SCM are offered in the Distribution Module of MFG/PRO. MFG/PRO Distribution This software is useful in the following areas : Ø Purchase Ø Quotations of sales Ø Orders of sales and Invoices Ø Inventory Physical Inventory Ø Analysis of sales Ø Configured Products Ø Enterprise Material Transfer and Enterprise Operations Plan MFG/PRO Financial Services It includes General Ledger, Accounts Receivable , Accounts Payable, Multiple Currency, CostManagement, Cash Management , Fixed Assets , Global Tax Management Benefits of MFG/PRO 1.There are highly qualified team members with advanced technical skills and they also possess international exposure. 2.Team scalability is as per the business requirements 3.For ensuring that the expectations are met on time and within budget,a tactical methodology is followed. 4. Fluctuation in manpower is low. 5. Customer satis and nightfaction level is at its peak as the helpdesk is open for the whole day and night. 6. Economical Benefits are considerable. MFG-PRO Process : Step-1: The first step is getting the orderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. a. One gets the order online. b. All orders are consolidated from website to excel sheet c. The excel sheet is then send to the Operations Department d. Material Requirement Planning is then done in MFG/PRO Calculation how much inventory is in the stock how much inventory is required will be done by MFG/PRO Step -2 : Step 2 includes management of raw materials Supplier is informed about the quantity of raw materials to be supplied ordering is done here) Raw material is then received from supplier. Goods Receipt Report(GRR) is then prepared by MFG/PRO. Step 3 Qulity Control is done here Material is then transferred to the Quality Control Department: Different stages are (1) Q.C. Pending (2) Q.C. Accepted (3) Q.C. Rejected The one which is accepted is transferred to warehouse. One which is rejected is sent back to suppliers.MFG/PRO does the accounting entry of it. Step 4 : Also called production stage Raw Material is Transferred to Production unit. MFG/PRO prepares Production Report is prepared by MFG/PRO Daily Production is recorded Step 5 : The process reaches the dispatch stage Guidiance how much to dispatch will be done by MFG/PRO. The Remaining is stored in warehouse. 3. A mail to the customer will be sent by MFG/PRO. Step 6 : Payment to the supplier is done here : A Message to the central department is sent by MFG/PRO, after 1 week of receipt of material payment will be done centrally. The entry of it will be done by MFG/PRO when the payment is done.. Payment from Customer: After the 3 weeks of dispatch of the finished goods to customer, central department will be messaged by MFG/PRO to ask for payment from the customer. Entry will be automatically done by MFG/PRO when the customer does payment. Waste checking Manual method is followed for capturing the waste. MFG/PRO will compare Material reduced Finished Stock Increased and theri difference would be calculated as waste. Profit Calculation Profit Statement will be prepared by MFG/PRO every month. There will be comparisons of previous profit statements. PAY GINI Software Used mostly for HR department Various services provided by this Software: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Attendance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Calculation of salary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Provident Fuud Calculations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Accounts of all Employees Customer Relationship Management: It is done through CRM software that manages various processes that the company always uses for tracking and organising its contacts with its current and future or prospective customers. Hindustan Unilever uses it to manage front end operations,backend operations,various business relationships,analysis and operational CRM. The growing information needs have to be met and the business practices have to be standardised.For HUL implemented Secondary Sales Force Automation (SSFA) Application across its redistribution stockists. Computer Manufacturing Company (CMC) has already implemented the Dealership Management Application Software for HUL distributors as part of earlier engagement. Connection between the redistribution stockists with the central database takes place through Internet-based network for online interaction on orders, information sharing,dispatches and monitoring. Companys Existing Scenario : Their existing environment consists of SAP ERP application , SAP NetWeaver ® Exchange Infrastructure Component , SAP NetWeaver Business Intelligence Component , SAP NetWeaver Portal component, SAP Supplier Relationship Management Application , SAP Customer Relationship Management Application. The company now enjoys 70% speedier transports for non-ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) software Greater degree of automation and accuracy Elimination of disruptions and mistakes almost completely in ABAP and non-ABAP change transports Reduction in costs through reduced dependency on specialists which possess specialist skills Third-Party Integration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Database: Oracle à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hardware: IBM HUL Before ERP There were 1,000 suppliers and 7,000 stockiest in over one million retail outlets.HUL has 100 factories, 121 warehouse depots, 13 sale branches and 93 third-party manufacturing sites. It has 23 central offices, two research centers . CF agents used to Planning of distribution was done by CF agents based on the demand which was raised by stockists. 60-90 days credit for the goods were given to C F agets and stockists. In 1995, 44% was the HULs net current assets as a percentage of capital employed, and inventory was 20% of divisional turnover for detergent and for personal products it was 24% divisional turnover. HUL after ERP HLL previously had a stock replenishment cycle time of two weeks after ERP implementation, it came down by three and half days, which translates into substantial savings in inventory costs. After ERP current assets as a percentage of capital employed was down to 8 percent, and inventory in key divisions was down to 5-6% of turnover. In the case of detergent,the stock level decreased to less than 3 weeks of sale from 6 weeks of sale. Finish goods stock level at distribution decreased from three weeks to one week. The stockists of HUL who were habituated to get 60-90 days of credit from HUL are now offered a special discount if the payment is in advance. As a result, orders are placed by stockists only for those stocks that can be replenished quickly. The channel inventory has drastically reduced in the entire network.

Body Preparation for Photo Shoot :: Photo Shoots Health Self Image Beauty Essays

Body Preparation for Photo Shoot Get a good night's sleep the two days before the shoot. Nothing wrecks a great photo more than a tired model. Hair Conditioning Healthy hair is thick hair. Thick hair is much more attractive in photos -- since it "lifts" off the top of the head and it "fills out" the air surrounding the head. The easiest way to achieve full hair is to use hair conditioner for at least two weeks. Additionally -- avoid using any hair dryers, heated curlers, or curling irons on your hair. This "heat" breaks down the hair proteins -- which leads to loss of hair volume and split and frayed hair. Nails Most people have problem nails. A simple solution it so apply nail coloring which is the same color as the "center" portion of the nail. By having the entire nail the same color -- it helps minimize the attention paid to hangnails, discolorations in the nail, and rough nail tips. Shaving There is a right way, and a wrong way to shave. When shaving -- you want to "shave with the grain" of the hair. Each hair comes out of the skin at a particular angle. The handle of the razor should be pointed in the same direction. This shaves off the hair cleanly at the surface. If you shave "against the grain" of the hair -- the razor is "pulling" the hair out of the body as it cuts it -- so that the hair "snaps back" under the skin after being cut. The Razor Burn (redness, itching, bumps) associated with shaving are caused by the hair trying to push its way back through the skin. When shaving longer hair (like pubic areas or legs) -- you will first want to use a very sharp scissors and trim the hair as close to the skin as possible. This will not only allow you to clearly see which direction the hair is coming out of the body -- but it also prevents the razor from "skipping & jumping" over long and tangled hairs (which leads to nicking of the skin). To shave properly, get the skin and the hair very wet. Use a shaving cream or baby oil (preferred) to help the razor glide over the skin more easily. I recommend using baby oil -- since it still allows you to see the direction the hair is exiting the body.

Affirmative Action - The Battles Against Race-based Educational Plans E

Affirmative Action - The Battles Against Race-Based Educational Plans California's decision in 1996 to outlaw the use of race in public college admissions was widely viewed as the beginning of the end for affirmative action at public universities all over the United States. But in the four years since Californians passed Proposition 209, most states have agreed that killing affirmative action outright would deepen social inequality by denying minority citizens access to higher education. The half-dozen states that are actually thinking about abandoning race-sensitive admissions policies are themselves finding that the only way to enlarge the minority presence in college without such policies is to improve dramatically the public schools that most black and Latino students attend. As a result, these states are keeping a close eye on California, Texas and Florida, where "percentage systems" have sprung up to replace affirmative action. Under these systems, students who achieve a specified ranking in their high school graduating classes are guaranteed admission to state colleges. In California, for example, the so-called 4 percent plan guarantees college admission to everyone in the top 4 percent of high school graduating classes statewide. Minority enrollment, which crashed after Proposition 209 passed, has rebounded at the second-tier colleges. But the decline has continued at the flagship colleges, U.C.L.A. and Berkeley -- largely because the high schools in black and Latino neighborhoods routinely fail to offer the advanced placement courses that are readily available in white neighborhoods and that are taken into account when the elite colleges make admissions decisions. The American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California has challenged this arrangement in a class-action lawsuit. Having eliminated the race-sensitive policies that once compensated for these inequalities, California is now being forced to deal with the inferior public schools that made those policies necessary. The University of Texas has learned a similar lesson since a federal court ruling forced it to abandon race-based admissions policies in 1996. Black and Latino enrollment dipped precipitously in the first year, but rose again after the legislature passed a law guaranteeing college admission to all students who graduate in the ... ...no children to fall behind. Gov. Jeb Bush of Florida is currently embroiled in a fight over an executive order that outlaws race-based admissions at the state universities -- while guaranteeing admissions to the top 20 percent of high school classes. Mr. Bush's order was meant to render moot a ballot initiative on affirmative action that Republicans feared would heighten black turnout in this year's presidential election. The 20 percent rule seemed non-controversial and even generous -- until Governor Bush found that roughly two-thirds of additional black students who might benefit from the rule had been so neglected in high school that they had failed to graduate with the necessary credits for admission to the state university system. The state is now pushing public schools that serve black students to provide better course offerings. What all these states have learned is that the only real way to make race-sensitive policies unnecessary is to guarantee black and Latino children from poor communities a realistic chance at a decent education that prepares them for college. To kill the policies before those guarantees are in place is to court civic disaster.

Health Care in the United States: An Evolving System Essay example --

The decision on who to interview regarding changes in the health care industry was an easy one and timed just perfectly. My boss and friend for many years will retire in May 2016. I instinctively knew she would be happy to share the many changes in healthcare and the impact these changes have had on her professional career. Regina Slone has been practicing medicine for forty-one years. She is a Professor of Pediatrics, a Pediatric Infectious Disease Specialist and the Section Head of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the University School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital. She has spent the majority of her professional career in this organization. Dr. Slone holds an academic position combining teaching, clinical care and research which is the position of a traditional academic professor in a medical school. She is involved in activities related to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). She has been on the city’s top docs list for many years. With these credentials, one can imagine the vast number of changes she has seen and the impacts these changes have made to the healthcare delivery system. During the past five years, she has seen increased bureaucracy at both at a medical school and hospital level. She feels the hospital functions more as a large business entity rather than a large clinical care organization. Growth, market share and competition continue to be the emphasis. We have become the leader of pediatrics and have a monopoly on the pediatric market. In fact, the SOM faculty doubled from 300 to 600 in an effort to keep wait times down and to compete in the private practice model. She believes Children’s Hospital has pushed too rapidly for growt... ...ine. One cannot forget the rewarding field in which our clinicians work and the many contributions from caring professionals, like Dr. Slone, to the field of medicine. These advancements and discoveries have promoted the health of children during her 41 years of practice. For that, many families our thankful and I am very fortunate to have worked closely with this remarkable individual during the wonderful and challenging times in healthcare. Works Cited Angst, C. M., Devaraj, S., & D'Arcy, J. (2012). Dual Role of IT-Assisted Communication in Patient Care: A Validated Structure-Process-Outcome Framework. Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29(2), 257-292. Schultz, H.A, & Young, K.M. (2013). Health Care USA: Understanding Its Organization and Delivery. Retrieved from http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/6/HAP_NPSG_Chapter_2014.pdf

Nutrition in Fitness and Sport

Final Case Study: A Teenage Female Champion Grace MacMillan Nutrition for Fitness and Sport Introduction Ice hockey is characterized by high intensity intermittent skating, rapid changes in velocity, lengthy duration and frequent body contact (1). The typical player performs for 15 to 20 minutes of a 60 minute game (1). Each shift lasts from 30 to 90 seconds with 4 to 4 minutes of recovery between shifts.The intensity of a particular shift is determined be the duration and the extent of the contribution from aerobic to anaerobic energy systems by the player (1). In order to accommodate the body for these high intensity bursts and length of activity the player must develop muscle strength, power and anaerobic endurance in addition to a good aerobic system (1). Hockey players tend to have a mesomorphic structure and are relatively lean to positively influence their skating performance (1). For my nutrition analysis I chose an adolescent female hockey player.As far as teenage athletes g o, AC has already more than filled her resume with an abundance of accomplishments including a gold medal from the 2012 IIHF World Women’s U18 Championship, the 2011 Tier 1 Under 19 U. S. National Championship, the 2010 Under 16 U. S. National Championship and the 2009 Atlantic Challenge Cup in addition to representing Team Nova Scotia at the 2011 Canada Winter Games. As a student at the private hockey prep school of Sattuck-St. Mary’s in Faribauly, Minnesota she is limited to a very specific selection of food on campus as she is a boarding student there.Female athletes are faced daily with the challenge of meeting the nutrient requirements for growth and development in addition to sport performance (2). Due to the wide range of physiological demands a large proportion of female athletes regularly do not meet DRI’s for a number of macro and micronutrients some of which include vitamin D, folate, vitamin E and calcium (2). The current research illustrates the cha llenges that female athletes may face, otherwise known as the â€Å"female athlete triad† which include disordered eating, amenorrhea and osteoporosis (3).Furthermore, female teenage athletes have found to have relatively low energy intake and inadequate intakes of certain nutrients which are observed to improve seasonally in correspondence to their in-season and off-season, respectively (4). Assessment Part A: Objective Data AC is a 17 year old female who is currently 68. 95kg at 1. 73m tall and has reported to have a 21% body fat composition, which equates to a normal BMI of 23. AC communicated the desire to cut weight to 65. 7kg, which equates to a normal BMI of 22 by August 1st 2012 in preparation for her next achievement of playing for Team Canada in the Olympics. In the patient’s case it would be more appropriate to use the body fat percentage to measure weight loss because the losses will be in body fat not lean body mass (5). Fortunately in preparation of this event, AC is required to fill out a daily reflection including food log, physical activity as defined by strength training, cardio and core exercise and personal reflection.Thus, from the data given to me I have chosen to pick 3 weekdays and 3 weekend days to analyze. In summary, in-season she participates twice weekly with a strength training workout for approximately one hour and ice skating (practice) every day for approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes. As part of school extra circular activities she incorporates basketball 3 times weekly for 45 minutes in addition to games once to twice weekly. During the off-season she strives to maintain 4 days per week of strength training exercise, in addition to skating twice a week and running for approximately an hour each day.The raw data can be viewed in appendix A. Part B: Analysis of the Data The analysis of AC’s daily reflection reveals that as most female athletes she does not meet the required amount of energy for her physical activity level and body structure, but due to her current goal of losing weight, restricting calories while maintaining the recommended amount of servings as per the Canada’s Food Guide does not put her at risk for any of the symptoms of the female triad.AC’s diet analysis reveals that although she is meeting her calcium requirement, other nutrients of concern as revealed by the literature review such as vitamin D, E and folate are not being met. AC is currently taking a multivitamin but was unable to describe in any detail in the interview type or contents (as her mother sends them too her from home) but the vitamin most likely supplies micronutrient needs. Furthermore, in most cases AC is effective with meal timing, especially when you look at her inclusion of mid-morning snacks most days, which tend to be the days where a morning practice or working out is has occured.In regards to AC’s recommended food guide servings, as analyzed in appendix B, she meets he r dairy servings all of the time, meat and alternative servings most of the time but only meets her fruit and vegetable and grain servings half some of the time. This further eliminates the risk of osteoporosis and protein losses, thus, analysis should focus on grain servings to promote increased carbohydrate consumption and reaching daily servings of fruits and vegetables.If we calculate AC’s carbohydrate (CHO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 400g – 680g CHO/day. This amount can easily be adjusted daily in correspondence to the amount of exercise and energy level to accommodate weight loss. The average CHO intake was 246. 67g per day which equates to approximately 1000 Kcal per day but only nearly half of the recommended CHO consumption.As the role of protein is to build and repair tissue, consuming the recommended serving amounts is extremely important to protect herself against the risk of protein losses. If we calculate AC`s protein (PRO) requirement as a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity she requires approximately 89g – 103g PRO/day. To protect against protein losses and maintain existing muscle, timing of consumption becomes extremely important.After exercise protein sources should be consumed immediately after (stage 1) and within 2 hours after (stage 2) but should not exceed more than 1. 6g/kg per day (5). The average PRO intake was 104g per day which equates to approximately 417. 33 Kcal per day and exceeds her recommended protein intake slightly. As some dietary fat is essential to cell development and synthesis, and the recommended amounts range from 20-35% of the dietary energy intake are required.In comparison to her recommended range of fat intake as described by EatTracker, AC is n ot usually achieving her recommended amount of fat as her average fat intake was 42g per day which equates to approximately 378 Kcal, which is just less than 12% daily intake from fat. Lastly, fluids impact the regulation of body temperature, hydration and remove metabolic excretions which all improve athletic performance. Sweat rates and hydration level are affected by the duration, environmental temperature and intensity of the exercise the participant is engaged in, ergo, water needs are fairly diverse.As a regular participant in vigorous and enduring exercise AC’s fluid recommendations would be fairly high. AC reported to consume at least one cup of water usually at every meal and drinks as much as 2L over the duration of any length of exercise. Nutrition Plan and Recommendations In regards to the literature review of typical female athlete concerns, AC is an ideal patient considering she does not show any symptoms of the female athlete triad and although weight loss is d esired, she has determined an appropriate weight loss and time frame to achieve her goal by maintaining food guide recommendations while reducing energy intake.AC has described an appropriate goal of losing 3. 18kg over 8 months (as the goal was acknowledged in January) to increase athletic performance and maintain good health by reducing body fat. To improve weight loss results AC should consume a number of small frequent meals that have a high proportion of CHO to maintain blood glucose levels and moderate protein levels to ensure adequate replacement of lean protein tissue (5). Although AC is typically meeting her Food Guide recommendations, she needs to ensure adequate energy intake of approximately 2700 Kcal/day and devise energy into 5-6 small meals every day.Some days she is just barely consuming 1200 Kcal which is not enough energy to keep her body strong and maintain muscle tissue when considering the amount of physical demand on the body from the substantial amount of exer cise. An energy reduction of 500 Kcal (2700kcal/day from 3200kcal/day) is appropriate to reduce weight by approximately 0. 45kg (1lb) per week, reducing weight by approximately 3. 6kg over 8 weeks. This gives the participant approximately 24 weeks to maintain and stabilize weight loss.As AC’s physical activity participation is generally stable it is more appropriate to request stable and reduced energy intakes versus increasing physical activity duration (5). Further recommendations for AC would be to monitor weight changes during exercise to ensure adequate hydration status. Before exercise, increase fluid intake and reduce fat and fiber intake to facilitate gastric emptying and minimize GI upsets (5). During and after exercise consume fluids to replace sweat losses and maintain hydration status, which may include incorporating a sport drink to replenish water, carbohydrate and electrolyte levels.To increase consumption, ensure fluids are chilled to approximately 10 degrees Celsius (5). Advise that most liquids including milk, water, soup, 100% percent juices and sports drinks all contribute to fluid intake recommendation. * I would advise AC to increase carbohydrate and fat intake by adding a carbohydrate rich snack in the afternoon each day and increase fat of dairy products. A recommended meal plan using the ‘Beyond the Basics’ guidelines can be viewed in appendix G taking into consideration AC’s limited food choices, EER, carbohydrate, protein and fat recommendations. Appendix A: AC’s Daily ReflectionsAppendix B: Nutritional Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) January 7 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 10 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 16 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrition Analysis January 21 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 23 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis January 30 2012 Food Group Analysis Nutrient Analysis Appendix C: Overview of Vitamin In take Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Appendix D: Estimate Energy Requirements Calculation Female (age 9-18) = 135. 3 – 30. 8 x Age + [PA x (10. 0 x Wt. + 934 x Ht. )] + 25 = 135. 3 – 30. x Age + [1. 56 (10. 0 x 68. 95kg + 934 x 1. 73m)] + 25 = 3233 kcal/day ? 3200 kcal/day Appendix E: Carbohydrate Requirements As a percent of 3200 Kcal and expressed as total grams per day = 55 – 60% x 3200Kcal = 1760 – 1920Kcal / day = 1760 – 1920 Kcal / 4 Kcal/g ? 440 – 480 g CHO/day As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day considering her sport as intermittent high intensity = 6 – 10g/kg x 68. 95kg = 413. 7g – 689. 5g CHO/day ? 400g – 680g CHO/day Appendix F: Protein Requirements As a recommendation based on body weight (per kg) and expressed as total grams per day = 1. 3g/kg – 1. g/kg x 68. 95kg = 89. 64g – 103. 43g PRO/day ? 89g – 103g PRO/day Appendix G : Meal Plan Breakfast 1 cup 100% fruit juice, 1 large banana, 1 slice French toast, 2 tbsp maple syrup, 1 cup yogurt Morning Snack 1 Instant Oatmeal pouch, 2 tbsp peanut butter, 1 med. apple Lunch 1 cups 2% milk, 1 cup pasta, ? cup ground beef, ? cup tomato sauce, 1 cup strawberries Afternoon Snack 12 crackers, 1 medium orange Supper 1 cup 2% milk, 1 cup rice, 1 chicken breast, ? cup carrots, ? cup kernel corn Evening snack 24 tortilla chips, ? cup salsa Appendix H: Meal Plan Analysis via eaTracker (Dietitians of Canada) Food Group Analysis of Meal Plan:Nutrient Analysis References 1. Montgomery DL. Physiology of Ice Hockey. Sports Med. 1988;5(2):99-126. 2. Gibson JC, Stuard-Hill L, Martin S and Gaul C. Nutritional status of junior elite Canadian female soccer athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011;21(6):507-14. 3. Gabel K. Special nutritional concerns for the female athlete. ACSM. 2006;5(4):187-191. 4. Ziegler P et al. Nutritional status of teenage female competitive figure s katers. J Amer Diet Assoc. 2002;102(3):374-379. 5. Williams MH. Nutrition for Health, Fitness and Sport. 9th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc; 2010. 6. Dufour, A. Introduction to Protein Powerpoint.Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 7. Dufour, A. Practical Applications of Protein (PRO) Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2012. 8. Convertino, V. A, Armstrong L. E. , Coyle, W. F. , et al. (1996). American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement. American College of Sports Medicine, 517-521. 9. Dufour, A. Energy Metabolism and Carbohydrates Powerpoint. Bedford, MSVU; 2011. 10. Dieticians of Canada. EatTracker. Dieticians of Canada; 2012. 11. Canadian Diabetes Association. Beyond the Basics: Meal Planning for Healthy Eating, Diabetes Prevention and Management, Version 2. Toronto: Canadian Diabetes Association; 2005.