Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Edna Pontellier as a Feminist in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening

Since the beginning of time social constrictions have always retained a firm grasp on the ideas and actions of humanity. While it remains a formidable foe, still some choose to fight back against the norm. This never-ending war is responsible for major advancements in the social order, but not every story is so successful. In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening†, Edna Pontellier finds herself fighting this very battle that, although begins with a positive outlook, ultimately ends in her demise. Throughout â€Å"The Awakening†, Edna is immersed in a constant clash with society over the significance of the difference between her life and her self. To Edna, the question of whether or not she would die for her children is somewhat simple. Edna attempts to explain this concept to her good friend, Adele Ratignolle, but to no avail, â€Å"I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn’t give myself† (Chopin 62). Not only does Edna consider her life unessential, she categorizes it as equal with material objects such as money. The idea of self, on the other hand, lies on a completely different level in Edna’s mind. The most important goal to Edna in her life is the journey to discover her true character. The idea that her inner self is more essential than life or even her children causes Edna to stray farther from the social constraints of the typical domestic woman. Kathleen M. Streater weighs in on Edna’s situation and placement inShow MoreRelatedEssay about Feminism in The Awakening986 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel The Awakening, by Kate Chopin the critical approach feminism is a major aspect of the novel. According to dictionary.reference.com the word feminism means, â€Å"The doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men.† The Awakening takes place during the late eighteen hundreds to early nineteen hund reds, in New Orleans. The novel is about Edna Pontellier and her family on a summer vacation. Edna, who is a wife and mother, is inferior to her husbandRead MoreThe Awakening: An Emergence of Womens RIghts in the Late Nineteenth Century1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe Awakening: An Emergence of Women’s Rights in the Late Nineteenth Century Kate Chopin’s The Awakening addresses the role of women within society during the late nineteenth century. The novel is set in South Louisiana, a place where tradition and culture also play a vital role in societal expectations. The novel’s protagonist, Edna Pontellier, initially fulfills her position in society as a wife and as a mother while suppressing her urges to live a life of passion and freedom. Edna’s relationshipRead MoreThe Awakening : Evaluating The Core Values Of The Nineteenth Century1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe Awakening: Evaluating The Core Values of the Nineteenth Century In Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, the main protagonist Edna Pontellier exists as the embodiment of the feminist ideas that stand as outliers in the midst of the more traditional nineteenth century beliefs. Set in 1899 near the end of this generation, Chopin’s work explores the shared attitudes of most of the novel’s cast as they respond to Edna’s search for independence and freedom, an action that challenges her conservativeRead MoreThe Awakening, By Kate Chopin887 Words   |  4 Pagesuse it. Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, experiences an â€Å"awakening† in her life, where she discovers her position in the universe and goes in this direction instead of what others like her husband Leonce tell her to take, similar to the style of feminism. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her,† (pg. 14). Chopin’s novelRead MoreKate Chopin s Life And Feminism1281 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s Life and Works- Feminism Kate Chopin, born on February 8th, 1850, was a progressive writer in the midst of a conservative and unequal time. She exposed the unfair undertones of society in such a way that made people outrage and condemn some of her works. However, in the early 1900s, her works were examined again and people started to listen to her ideas. One of these main motifs that Chopin’s works kept bringing up were feminism and equality. In The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, a radicalRead MoreWolffs Analysis of Chopins The Awakening647 Words   |  3 PagesWolff’s Analysis of Chopin’s The Awakening In her essay Un-Utterable Longing: The Discourse of Feminine Sexuality in Kate Chopins The Awakening, Cynthia Griffin Wolff creates what Ross Murfin describes as a critical whole that is greater than the sum of its parts. (376) By employing a variety of critical approaches (including feminist, gender, cultural, new historicism, psychoanalytic and deconstruction) Wolff offers the reader a more complete (albeit complex) explanation of Edna PontelliersRead More Margit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening1350 Words   |  6 PagesMargit Stange’s Literary Criticism of Chopin’s The Awakening Kate Chopin created Edna Pontellier, but neither the character nor her creator was divorced from the world in which Chopin lived. As a means to understand the choices Chopin gave Edna, Margit Stange evaluates The Awakening in the context of the feminist ideology of the late nineteenth century. Specifically, she argues that Edna is seeking what Chopin’s contemporaries denoted self-ownership, a notion that pivoted on sexual choice andRead MoreFemale Empowerment in Kate Chopins The Awakening7915 Words   |  32 Pages16.04.2011 Female Empowerment in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Awakening† Anjana Dhir BA Englisch KF, Geschichte NF 3. Semester Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. The French – Creole society of Louisiana 4 2.1 Cultural background 4 2.2 French-Creole women 5 3. The Role of Women 6 4.1 Edna vs. Madame Ratignolle 7 3.1.1 â€Å"ARead MoreKate Chopin: A Woman Ahead of Her Time Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pages Kate Chopin a Woman Ahead of Time In the 1800s married women had to submit to their husbands. Woman who got married had no voice with law. This meant their husbands would have to take legal action for them. Wives did not have any rights to their own property, and they would not have right to wages they earn. But these started to change through feminist women who raised their voice against men. Even though the feminist movement started in the 1960s, there were women ahead of this time thatRead More Kate Chopin’s The Awakening - The Feminist Awakening Essay2094 Words   |  9 PagesThe Feminist Awakening    Women’s rights have evolved over time; beginning with being homemakers and evolving to obtaining professions, acquiring an education, and gaining the right to vote. The movement that created all these revolutionary changes was called the feminist movement. The feminist movement occurred in the twentieth century. Many people are not aware of the purpose of the feminist movement. The movement was political and social and it sought to set up equality for women. Women’s groups

Monday, December 16, 2019

Top Guide of Grade 12 Essay Samples

Top Guide of Grade 12 Essay Samples Writing an essay is an essential role in academe life. The body of your essay needs to be supported by research evidence you could gather. Violence happened in one of the biggest provinces Kwa Zulu Natal. A persuasive essay needs to be able to grab the interest of the folks reading it easily. Although it's not recommended, paraphrasing the quote in your essay is an excellent approach to back up your argument. Most academic essay topics usually ask you to select a side in an argument or maybe to defend a specific side against criticism. Reviewing some narrative essay examples will be able to help you to organize your information and help you decide how to compose each paragraph to acquire the best outcomes. Finally utilize outside sources to help you acquire the very best result possible. The government was supposed to check with all party authorities. If you're going to write a comparative essay, you will need to get a notion of the impacts of distinct aspects to the result which you may get at the conclusion of the writing activity. Some individuals using social networking networks as a means to attach with the outside world. Lies You've Been Told About Grade 12 Essay Sample s You might also see synthesis essay. You can also see essay examples. You may discover narrative essay examples wherever you locate a great story. The next narrative essay examples are able to help you begin writing your very own narrative essay. Just comply with the guidelines stated above, and you're going to be well on your way to writing a fantastic persuasive essay. To truly persuade somebody in your persuasive essay, you need to be smoooooth. To compose an impressive short essay, especially during an examination, you have to be in a position to hit the question and offer a straightforward answer while at the very same time observing the most suitable structure of an essay. Simply take a look at the subsequent persuasive essay. Writing of scholarship graduate essay is an extremely tough academic task simply because students are needed to demonstrate they are capable of accomplishing the task that they're applying for. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. In 10th grade, they should be able to write and complete written compositions on a regular basis. High school, college, and sometimes even university students from all around the world are writing persuasive essays. Base d on the writing task which you have at hand, the things which you may include in your comparative essay can fluctuate. The social networking networks are really good since they make it possible for you to stay in contact with the said family. The simplest way to figure out the form of an essay is to realize the writer's point of view. If you wish to figure out how to compose a decent persuasive essay, you're looking in the proper place! The Hidden Facts on Grade 12 Essay Samples Grade 10 essay format This kind of essay ought to have two or three significant sections. One of the most typical forms of writing is essay writing. Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. Inside this section you'll find samples of essays belonging to different essay types and manners of formatting. Which is precisely why we here offer you some persuasive essay samples that could assist you with your own. Narrative essays are grouped under nonfiction and is founded on experience. Qualities of a very good persuasive essay topic The topic ought to be specific. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most crucial and frequently tricky parts for many students. Grade 12 Essay Samples - the Conspiracy The price generally changes depending on the essay type. You may also acquire several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Its cost can hamper the attribute of the content produced. Summary Hiring an affordable essay service may be a proper selection for students at one time crunch.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Challenges of BOYD in Information Auditing-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theChallenges of BOYD in Information Auditing. Answer: Challenges of BOYD in Information Auditing and Information Security Management Bring Your Own Device is a situation where the employees of a company are allowed by the management to carry their laptops and phones to the workplace. By allowing the employees to take their own devices, the efficiency at the workplace is improved since each employee will be using their device and there will be no sharing and improves networking between the workers and clients (Mark, 2015). All these benefits are brought about by the ease access to their emails, customer contacts, work files and access to internet services at any place and time. There is also the merit of cost reduction in that the quantity of hardware that the company is required to purchase will significantly reduce and the amount will be allocated to other uses. The facility also creates potential attraction to the service and most especially to the employees who enjoy using personal devices. There are several limitations involved with these devices and are discussed in the subsequent section. Use of BOYD at institutions has the potential to raise severe issues that will have an adverse impact on the establishment regardless of the convenience they create to the employees. Loss of very vital data is possible since every individual has access to the database and thus not likely to hold any person accountable for the data loss. According to the second chapter of the Fundamentals of Information Systems Security, the greatest risk to information is when the devices that are being used by the employees will connect to a network that is not secure for internet services. This risk is brought about by the lack of passwords in public which will leads to display of all the information in the text. In most corporate organizations, the use of a VPN is very typical because it ensures all data is secure and unauthorized access is not possible (Arnab, Prashant Shashikant, 2013). Recently, there has been advancement in data security, and there are virtual networks that will require a pas sword to access data. These security measures ensure that unauthorized users can not access the most critical data in the organization. Theft is also another risk factor to the use of the personal devices at the workplace. If the device is stolen, data is easily leaked. Access to this data will affect the organization negatively since all the information regarding their operations has been obtained and can be used for unscrupulous means (French, Guo Shim, 2014). Some of the employees prefer the use of simple passwords that are easy to remember, and this has greater security risk because of the possibility for the hackers to bypass the password and gain entry into the organization's database (Panko, Panko, 2014). The hackers steal all the data from the device. Various research studies have been conducted on the method that different companies use in sharing their data, and they have indicated that 41% of mobile business users in the US attested to using unsanctioned services for file sharing or sync (Tony, 2011). On the contrary, 87% of them acknowledged that they were aware that their respective organizations prohibited this practice. 25% indicated that there were severe repercussions that were associated with the revelation of the unauthorized sharing of information which included penalties of up to $2 billion or to severe cases loss of the business (Darren, 2014). It is, therefore, the role of every organization to ensure that their infor mation has been protected to the extent that it will be hard for any external user to gain access to the information. BOYD use in the business could lead to the loss of very crucial data if hackers gain access and this information includes distributors and employee records, billing information for the employees, payment information, monthly statements and scheduling details. The loss of this information will mean that the health facility was as good as not being in operation since the information that guides its activities has been stolen and that regaining it would be an arduous task (Paul Phillip, 2016). Several merits have been associated with the use of BOYD due to the convenience that it provides at the workplace. However, there are several challenges that are associated with the use of this new technology and most organizations have desisted from the use of BOYD and have maintained their protocols to avoid risking their data and businesses (Margaret, 2012). References Mark B. (2015, August 28).Why information is the new currency.opentext.com. Available at https://blogs.opentext.com/why-information-is-the-new-currency/ Margaret R. (2012, October 12).BYOD (bring your own device).techtarget.com. Available at https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/BYOD-bring-your-own-device Tony B. (2011, December 21).Pros and Cons of BYOD (Bring Your Own Device).cio.com.Available at https://www.cio.com/article/2401022/consumer-technology/pros-and-cons-of-byod--bring-your-own-device-.html Darren L. (2014, August 12).Healthcare BYOD challenges. healthcareitnews.com. Available at https://www.healthcareitnews.com/blog/healthcare-byod-challenges French A, Guo C , Shim, J (2014, April 14). Current Status, Issues, and Future of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD),Communications of the Association for Information Systems.aisel.aisnet.org. Available at https://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol35/iss1/10 Arnab G, Prashant G, Shashikant R (2013, December 22).Bring Your Own Device (BYOD): Security Risks And Mitigating Strategies. Available at https://www.jgrcs.info/index.php/jgrcs/article/view/654 Paul G, Phillip M(2016, February 1).BYOD Policies: What Employers Need to Know. sham.org. Available at https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/0216-byod-policies.aspx Marshall, S. (2014, March). IT Consumerization. A case study of BYOD in a healthcare setting. Technology Innovation Management Review. Available at https://timreview.ca/sites/default/files/article_PDF/Marshall_TIMReview_March2014.pdf Panko, R., Panko, J. (2014). Business data networks and security. (10th ed.). New York: Prentice Hall. ISBN-13: 978-0133544015

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Israel Foreign Policy Essays (2043 words) - ArabIsraeli Conflict

Israel Foreign Policy Israel is located in the Middle East, along the eastern coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt. It lies at the junction of three continents: Europe, Asia, and Africa. Long and narrow in shape the country is only 290 miles in length and 85 miles in width at its widest point. Israel is a country of immigrants. Since its creation in 1948, the population has increased seven-fold. Today, its over six million inhabitants represent many different cultures and traditions, including Jews from Ethiopia, Morocco, the Soviet Union, Europe and America. Jews from around the world have immigrated to Israel and make up 80% of the Israeli population. The other 20% is made up mostly of Arabs. (Encyclopedia Britannica) On May 14, 1948, immediately following the proclamation of the state of Israel, President Harry S. Truman extended recognition to the new state. This act marked the beginning of a relationship based on common values and characterized by deep friendship, economic support and mutual respect. The similarities between the two countries are notable: both are vibrant democracies anchored in liberal traditions; both began as pioneer societies; and both are still receiving and integrating new immigrants. Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East, a region dominated by authoritarian and military regimes. In a very unstable region of the world, Israel stands out as the only country with regular, competitive elections, a free press, and free speech. By supporting Israel, the U.S. stays true to its historic national commitment to strengthen fellow democracies. In addition, Israel is a reliable strategic partner in the fight against terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destructio n by rogue regimes; state-sponsored terrorism; the potential disruption of access to Middle East oil; and the spread of Islamic radicalism. The U.S. Israeli partnership has also been cost effective, avoiding the expensive deployment of American troops. No U.S. troops have ever been required to protect Israel, while by comparison America maintains 135,000 troops in Europe and spends nearly $80 billion each year on the defense of Europe.(Country Study, 234) Maintaining Israel's military advantage has proven an efficient way to ensure that American interests will prevail against the forces of terror, authoritarianism, and extremism. Despite constant tensions with Arab neighbors, border disputes, full-out war, terrorist threats, and a yet unresolved Palestinian problem, the U.S. has remained loyal to Israel. America's long-standing commitment allows Israel to negotiate with its former and current adversaries from a position of strength. Israel can take risks for peace only because of un wavering American support; this support has also prodded Israel's Arab neighbors to deal directly with Israel. (JSOURCE) The Clinton administration has played a key role in the Middle East peace process by actively supporting the agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, Israel's peace treaty with Jordan, negotiations with Syria and efforts to promote regional cooperation, including an end to the Arab boycott. Pledging to maintain Israel's qualitative edge, it has also committed itself to minimizing the security risks that Israel might incur in its pursuit of peace. Moreover, the United States has recently taken several important measures to back Israel in its war against terrorism. The continuing and deepening amity between Israel and the United States has been defined by various American administrations in terms ranging from the preservation of Israel as a 'basic tenet' of American foreign policy, with emphasis on a 'special relationship' between the two states, to a declaration of an American commitment to Israel. (Country Study, 245) By the early 1980s, Israel was regarded by the United State s as a strategic asset and was designated, in accordance with legislation passed the previous year, as a major non-NATO ally. Congressional backing for Israel is bipartisan. Support for annual military and economic assistance, the peace process and Israel's struggle against terrorism have been hallmarks of Congress' commitment to United States-Israel friendship, as was the passage of legislation (1995) recognizing Jerusalem as the united capital of Israel and calling for the establishment of the United States embassy in Jerusalem by May 1999. The special relationship encompasses mutual economic, political, strategic and diplomatic concerns. Israel currently receives some $3 billion a year in security and economic aid, and bilateral trade

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

The 7 Best Places to Find High Paying Ghostwriting Jobs

The 7 Best Places to Find High Paying Ghostwriting Jobs After my first article about earning big as a ghostwriter on FundsforWriters, the next obvious question so many writers asked was where to find clients that pay well for ghostwriting jobs. Following you’ll find seven high-paying markets for ghostwriters. While there are plenty of websites and portals that offer ghostwriting gigs, most of these do not pay well. It seems counterproductive to give away your hard work for a pittance and not even have the right to claim it as yours. The good news is that not all websites are created equal, and places exist with well-paying projects with the potential for long-term work. Dig beyond the usual freelance websites like Upwork, Freelancer or Fiverr. The average gigs here are short term and in the low-to-mid range. Moreover, stiff competition drives down the on-going rates further. Upwork features an Enterprise Program for selected freelancers while Fiverr offers you to apply for Fiverr Pro if you meet their criteria. The gigs there are well-priced, but unfortunately, they are not open to all. Seven Better Places to Find Profitable Ghostwriting Jobs 1.  Ã‚     LinkedIn ProFinder– This is a new service launched 2.  Ã‚     Working Nomads– Working Nomads is one of the best places to find remote working jobs including ghostwriting. The site was set up to connect freelance professionals with scouting companies. Only the best jobs are posted here as each job post costs the employer $149. Digital nomads often take home five- to six-figure earnings. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freelancewriting– Open since 1997, Freelancewriting is a job board hosting both full-time as well as part-time gigs for ghostwriters. Most jobs are in the five-figure range (for full-time work). 4.  Ã‚     Scripted– Scripted sets very high standards for its writers and has an impressive portfolio of clients, with a strict recruiting process. Once you are in, you gain access to some of the best ghostwriting gigs available. There is a minimum prescribed rate for each writing category. This ensures a minimum payout for each gig and undercutting is not allowed. 5.  Ã‚     Writers.work– A freelance writing job aggregator, this site sifts through the internet to pick out the best gigs and delivers them as a digest to your dashboard. It is a pay-for-membership service but totally worth the expense. 6.  Ã‚     Remote As the name suggests, remote features only remote jobs. They are all well-paid, too. No wonder it has over 2.5 million professionals, including ghostwriters, connected. And the number is growing every day. Remote uses an intelligent AI-based matching system to predict a high probability for job success. 7.  Ã‚     ProBlogger Job Board Established in 2004 as a learning guide on making money as a blogger, Problogger has now become a freelancer’s go-to site for its job board. Clients have to pay to advertise their requirements to its vast database of writers. That’s why the jobs advertised are much better paid than those on content mills. Joining freelance job aggregators like  Periodix  or subscribing with  Freedom with Writing  can also make the search easier without you having to spend hours each day scouring the net. Additionally, joining the  Association of Ghostwriters  or  Nonfiction Authors Association  will not only help you build your credibility as a ghostwriter, it will help you get quality job leads.

Friday, November 22, 2019

5 Ways to Be Happier at Work in the New Year

5 Ways to Be Happier at Work in the New Year Can’t settle on a resolution this year? Make 2017 the year you focus on your career. We all spend most of our time, whether we like it or not, at work. We might as well enjoy it. Here are 5 little things you can do to be happier and more successful on the job. 1. Be the early birdTry getting up a little earlier. Even 15 minutes can make a huge difference. Studies show people who wake up early are generally happier. Set your alarm just a tad bit earlier to give yourself a couple extra minutes, and you’ll be amazed at how easily you get ahead when you’re not always racing to catch up.2. Set boundariesYou make a point of pitching in when you’re really needed, and you would expect your coworkers to do the same for you. But sometimes you can get away with saying â€Å"no.† Taking a little extra time for your projects and priorities will make a big difference in how quickly you get through your to-do list.3. Open upOnce you learn how to say â€Å"no,â₠¬  try saying â€Å"yes.† Learn a new skill or language or go for that promotion. Exposing yourself to new and challenging experiences will help you grow both personally and professionally.4. Snack rightWorkplace vending machines are a resolution nightmare. Pack some healthy snacks and take them to work with you. You’ll save money and calories plus you’ll save yourself the mid-afternoon blood sugar crash.5. Know when to stopSo many times, we have to work late- even once we’ve left the office. But it’s easy to get caught up in bad habits even when the extra work just isn’t necessary. Pick a time to be done with work and stick with it. Drawing that line will make your actual work time more productive, and your free time more free for you to enjoy.This article is part of Bulk Up Your Career in 2017  campaign. Access the entire guide here to help you succeed in 2017.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

King arthur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

King arthur - Essay Example According to legend, he was the son of Uther Pendragon, king of Britain, and Ygraine of Cornwall. During his childhood, Arthur's identity was kept anonymous. Upon his maturity, he was abruptly presented to the people as their king and became a prudent and brave ruler ("Microsoft Encarta"). On the other hand, in the early Latin chronicles, Arthur is characterized as a "dux bellorum," i.e. a military leader rather than a king or emperor ("Camelot Project"). Despite the varying depiction, Arthur consistently appears as the epitome of ideal kingship ("Wikipedia"). Based on the Arthurian romances that gained popularity in the 12th century, Arthur gained the throne as he was the only one who had successfully withdrawn the Excalibur, a magical sword, from a stone. Many others attempted but failed since this act could not be accomplished apart from the "true king." This implied that Arthur was indeed the divinely appointed king and the true heir of Uther Pendragon ("Wikipedia"). He then established a court at Camelot, which is believed to be the modern Caerleon on the southern border of Wales or the great hill fort at South Cadbury in Somerset ("The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy"). At Camelot, Arthur gathered the Knights of the Round Table, which were comprised of Sir Aglova... ne; Sir Ector de Maris, son of King Ban of Benwick; Sir Florence, son of Sir Gawain; Sir Gaheris; Sir Galahad, Sir Lancelot's son and the hero of the quest for the Holy Grail; Sir Gareth; Sir Gawain, Arthur's nephew, who at some points appeared as the embodiment of knightly courtesy and bitter opponent of Lancelot; Sir Geraint; Sir Kay, Arthur's villainous foster brother; Sir Lamorak; Sir Lancelot; Sir Lucan; Sir Palamedes the Saracen; Sir Percival; Sir Tristan; and Sir Yvain, son of King Uriens of Gore (Lacy). These knights were awarded the highest order of chivalry at the court of King Arthur as narrated in the literary cycle, the Matter of Britain. According to Sir Thomas Malory, the knights abided by a set of rules called the Code of Chivalry. Provisions of this code include not committing outrage or murder; fleeing treason; not succumbing to cruelty but instead giving mercy to those who ask; helping and never forcing ladies, gentlewomen or widows; and not taking up wicked battles for love or worldly goods. Aside from Arthur and his knights, the Arthurian legend also featured notable characters such as Merlin, a powerful wizard possessing the gifts of prophesy and metamorphosis who partook in the court at Camelot and revealed the existence of the Holy Grail to Arthur, and Queen Guinevere, the wife of Arthur. Moreover, it gives an account of the knights' numerous quests, perhaps the most famous of which is the search for the Holy Grail ("Wikipedia"), and Arthur's wars and victories, which extended to the European continent where he triumphantly fought the Roman Empire forces ("Microsoft Encarta"). One of the main themes in the Arthurian legend is the downfall of Arthur's kingdom, which is primarily attributed to two reasons. In the chronicle tradition, the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Analysis of Legalization of Marijuana Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Legalization of Marijuana - Article Example If one were to analyze the legislation and initiatives of the past few years it will be evident that public favor to legalize medicinal marijuana has increased and this in return has propelled some states to decriminalize medicinal marijuana. Only a few weeks back, the Joint Mental Health and Substances Abuse Committee of Massachusetts removed criminal penalties for possession of less than one ounce of marijuana by a 6-1 vote ("Massachusetts: Decrim Bill Advances", 2006). The Joint Committee on the Judiciary was scheduled to begin deliberations on it in March. The legislation aimed to decrease penalties for the minor possession i.e. less than an ounce of marijuana to a civil offense instead of a criminal offense as custom and sought to reduce a fine of $500 to $250. This legislation, however, was quashed by the state legislature and medical or otherwise use of marijuana in Massachusetts still remains illegal. In February, this year, Congress, hitherto immovable and unbending on all marijuana-related issues, took a significant step by allowing students, previously charged with marijuana possession, eligibility to apply for student aid. Enacted in the year 1998, this ban - commonly known as "drug offender exclusionary provision" of the Higher Education Act - has refused financial aid to some 175,000 students until now. To some, this has been landmark legislation in the fight for marijuana decriminalization and a tentative admission of the Congress about the futility of penalizing citizens for the possession of a recreational drug ("Congress Scales Back Ban On Student Aid For Drug Offenders," 2006). More evidence of growing support for marijuana legalization came to view in 2005 when the US House of Representatives voted against the lifting of a ban on medicinal marijuana. The most important point, however, was that despite the vote going against marijuana legalization, 161 House members ha d voted in favor of marijuana, which was the record highest. In November 2005, the population of Denver voted to eliminate penalties for the possession of one ounce of cannabis by citizens more than 21 years of age. Fifty-four percent of voters decided in favor of legalization ("Denver Votes To Abolish Pot Penalties," 2005). In 1998, voters in Oregon had voted in favor of a law that allowed patients to possess and grow marijuana for medical reasons. In August 2005, the voters of Oregon further amended the law in favor of marijuana users by allowing marijuana-dependent patients to grow and own 24 ounces of cannabis as opposed to previous 3 ounces ("Legislature Amends Oregon Medical Cannabis Law," 2005).The most important point of objection raised by those who oppose decriminalization of marijuana is the type of message it will send to the citizens of America in general and to the youth and children in particular. They hold that although some medical reports reveal marijuana to be the least harmful of all drugs, yet it cannot be denied that it is a drug and harmful as well. In addition, if marijuana use and possession were to be legalized for medicinal purposes it will only be available through two means.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Defects of Consent Essay Example for Free

Defects of Consent Essay A defect of consent is a situation where a party’s declaration does not reflect his actual intent. This difference between declaration and intent may be caused by other parties,in order to make someone to form a contract with themselves. Fraud and Duress are this kind of defects. Roughly,fraud is deceiving someone by hiding certain facts or giving them a wrong impression/information in order to make them form a contract and duress is scaring or threatening someone to make them form a contract. If there is a difference between declaration and intent,which unintentionally resulted from the declarant,we can say there is an error. In some cases,both parties are mistaken about contract. Such defects are called â€Å"Collective Error†. In these situations,contract is formed by parties’ true intent,not according to their false statements. Error In the TCO article 30,the law states that â€Å"A party acting under an essential error when entering into a contract is not bound by it. † Interpreting this article,we can deduce that essentiality is a key concept,since unessential errors will not affect validity of the contract. Some aspects of essential error are specified in TCO,but law does not limit cases of essential error with those articles. Unwritten states of essential error are determined by the rules of good faith. Error may occur in several ways: Error in declaration In the TCO article 31 the law sets forth: An error is deemed particularly essential in the following cases 1-Where a party intended to conclude a contract different from that to which he consented. A wants to sell 100 kilos of olive oil to B,but during the formation of the contract, A inadvertently states that he wants to buy 100 kilos of olive oil and B agrees the offer. -Where a party has concluded a contract relating to a subject matter other than the subject matter he intended. A wants to buy E branded good,but during the formation of the contract he states he wants to buy F branded good by mistake and is not aware of it. 3-Where a party declared his intent to conclude the contract other than the whom he intended to. A wants to s end an offer via mail to B,but he writes a different adress and mail goes to C. C accepts the offer. 4-Where a party took a specific person into consideration as the other party in entering a contract but declared his intent to another. A is a nanny who wants to raise B’s child C,but during the formation of the contract she stated the name of B’s mentally deficient child D. A is mistaken about someone’s identity,not someone’s qualifications. Otherwise it would be error in motive,which shouldn’t be confused. 5- Where a party has promised to make a significantly greater performance or has accepted a promise of a significantly lesser consideration than he actually intended. Error in calculation of a simple nature do not affect the validity of the contract;but they should be corrected. A good should have 10. 000 dollars written on its label but accidently 1000 dollars is writtenon label. A buys the good for 1000 dollars. Error of Agents The law states in TCO article 33 that â€Å"Where an offer to enter into a contract has been incorrectly communicated by a Messenger,translator or other agents or by any means,the provisions governing error are applicable†. Error of agents are counted as error in declaration. Mistranslation,misinforming,changes in the text during telegraphing†¦ are examples of such errors. Error by Considering a Demeanour as Consent When a party’s action is considered as an offer or acceptance by another party,and the other party is right to consider this as such and forms the contract,contract will be valid. However mistaken party can put forward that he is mistaken and benefit from the provision of error in declaration. Texts signed without reading If a party signs a text without reading ,and is right to think that the text suits his intent,outcome is determined by the other party’s knowledge about this intent. If the other party knows or has to know that text does not suit signer’s intent,contract will not have been formed and thus there will not be any need for provisions of error. On the other hand,if the other party does not know or have to know the signer’s intent,contract will be formed,but signing party by proving that the error is essential,can benefit from provisions of error in declaration. Signature in Blank One of the parties agree to sign in blank first,then allow other party to constitute the contract. If this contract formed later on has contents which do not suit signing party’s actual intent,he can benefit from provisions of error. Error in Motive Error in motive is caused by an error in the formation of intent. On principle,error in motive is not essential. If there are conditions prescribed by the law,there is an essential error in motive. In TCO article 32,the law sets forth that â€Å"Error in motive is not deemed as essential unless the mistaken party deems the motive as necessary basis for the contract and it is valid regarding the business affairs in good faith. Yet this rule is not applicable unless the other party is aware of this motive† According to this article,error in motive is essential if the party deems this motive as necessary basis for the contact. This means the party is mistaken about a subject or qualifications of someone which affected his decision to form the contract. Error in material qualification,error in fact,error in legal status are examples of such mistakes. A wants to buy sculpor B’s statue but in fact the statue is a replica. In this situation there is error in material qualification. A thinks he is assigned to a job in another city,so he rents a house in that city. He made an error in fact. A purchases a land to build a house,but does not know construction is forbidden on this site. He is mistaken about land’s legal status. Also if other party is or has to be aware of the motive,error is deemed as essential. This should be determined in the present case. Avoidability In TCO art. 30 the law stipulates that â€Å"A party acting under an essential error when entering into a contract is not bound by it. † However this is limited by TCO art. 39. The contract will be valid if the mistaken party does not abolish the contract in a year,beginning from the moment he realises his error. Good Faith Rules in Error Right to avoid is also limited by the law. The law states in TCO art. 34 that â€Å"A person may not advance error in a manner in violation of good faith. In particular, the contract is considered to be concluded in a way that the party acting in error intended, in case the other party declares his consent to be bound by that contract. † Violation of good faith mentioned in the first subsection may be like this: A person learns that he made an essential error about a contract which he concluded years ago. He wants to use his right to avoid just to damage other party. In that case he will not be able to benefit from provisions of error since it is a violation of good faith. Second subsection of this provision is particularly important. I wish to give a case in this point,in order to better explain it: A wants to buy a kilo of fruit for 2 Liras,but he is mistaken and accepts B’s offer to buy a kilo for 3 Liras. Then A states his mistake to B,B immediately says he is ready to sell it for 2 Liras. In this situation A cannot put forward that he wants to nullify the contract,since he made an essential error. The contract is formed. Error by Negligence According to TCO art. 35 â€Å"A party acting in error is liable for any loss arising from the nullity of the agreement where the error is attributable to his own negligence. However, there is no compensation if the other party knew or should have known of the error. In the interests of equity, the Court may, not exceeding the benefit of standart performance, award further damages to the injured party. † The first subsection is about responsibility of parties’ actions before the formation of the contract (culpa in contrahendo). Even a slightest negligence in error results in culpa in contrahendo,and in such situations damages will be compensated. According to the second sentence of this subsection,there will not be any compensations if the other party knew or should have known of the error. But this provision is not applicable to error of declaration,since if the other party knew or should have known the error in declaration,contract is formed according to the declarant’s real intent. Yet if a party knows or has to know other party made an error in motive,mistaken party will not have to compensate any damages even if he abolishes the contract. Amount of the damage that will be compensated,is the damage that would not exist if the contract would not be formed. This kind of damage is â€Å"negative damage†. Benefit of the standart performance is named as â€Å"positive damage†. According to the second subsection,judge may decide further damages. This â€Å"further damage† is compensation of positive damage. Amount of positive damage that must be compensated may be some of the positive damage or all of the positive damage,determined by equity,but cannot exceed positive damage.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Stability for the Children Leaving the Foster Care System Essay

Twenty four thousand children each year age out of the foster care system (Fowler, Toro and Miles 1454). Of that number about half of them are African American, followed by Caucasian and then the other minorities. There are many problems facing these children that are placed in the foster care system. Of course the obvious is that they need a place to live while they are under the age of eighteen also that they need love and support from the people that are around them. Another little known problem is that these youths face once they leave the foster care system many find themselves without a permanent housing, housing that they can finally say that it is there’s and no one is going to take away from them. This paper will cover over why this is a problem for them and some ideas from which we can try to make some changes for the better. For years we have had a need to find housing for children that did not have any place to turn to. In recent years our country has taken up the slack for doing this very thing. In the past these children were seen after by mostly Catholic orphanages forced into hard labor and even had to beg for the money, also called alms, so that they could have necessities. These places were run by the priest and nuns that lived on the premises. Often these children had little food schooling or clothing to call their own. The orphanage that was in Galveston in the early 1900s was run by 3 nuns and 2 priest to the 90 children that were housed their. Obviously these children received very little quality time with any adult figure. Now a days it has gotten a little better, while they do not have many orphanages any more and they have been replaced with foster homes. Youths get more one on on... ...ouses than any other race in America. This has to have contributed to the high numbers of African Americans in the penal system. There absolutely need to be some more cultural sensitivity awareness training on the part of not only the Social Workers that make the determination to remove these children from their homes, but also on the part of the government that oversee these different agencies so that this overrepresentation of this certain population will be reduced. The steps needed are classes that will make these workers more aware of what to expect upon entering these homes and how the people that they encounter my be different and how to decipher with more accuracy if the children really are in life threatening danger. All of these this will contribute to the overall mental and physical well being of these children entering and exiting the foster care system.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Louis Xiv and Versailles

Louis XIV and Versailles Early Versailles In 1651, when Louis XIV was only thirteen, he visited Versailles for the first time. His next visited in 1661, he had fallen in love with the place. From 1664 to 1668, his efforts to rebuild the palace centered on the park and groves. In 1669, the king decided to enlarge the castle with the help of Le Vay and sculptor artist like Francois Girardon, Antoine and Le Hongre Etienn Coysevox. Versailles is a masterpiece. There is no way to describe Versailles Palace in one sentence.Value of Versailles Huge beyond belief, this place gives you a good idea of when it was â€Å"good to be the king†. Versailles was grand, luxurious, and expensive to maintain. It has been estimated, maintenance and maintenance, including the care and nurturing of employees and the royal family, consumed as much as 25% of the total income of the French. Daily Life at Versailles Life at Versailles was very orderly and rigid. Hundreds of officials help the king to wa ke up, dressed and prepared for duties of the day.Quite often the royal family became tired and escape to the Grand Trianon, Petit Trianon, where they feel more comfortable. The tightly provisions of Versailles rather than the comfort. While the royal family living in magnificent luxury, all others have been placed in tight areas. In summer, the palace was burning hot, while in winter it was freezing The palace is a city to itself. All government officials, servants and employees, household, and the royal palace to live in, respect the rules of Louis XIV.Versailles was open to the public. It is considered fashionable for Parisians to drive to the palace, where they can see the royal dinner. Versailles and Absolutism Louis XIV built Versailles was not only so that he can have a nice house. He built it as a way to keep his nobles in line. Louis wanted to make sure he had all the most powerful people with him at all times. So he created Versailles and all ceremonies of the court, to ke ep the courtiers listen to him . It's not cheap to keep up with Louis XIV and his different lovers.A large amount of money necessary to buy the most fashionable clothes and all the parties to the king. So, the courtiers can not plot against their king. This is one of the reasons that the absolute has a strong organization in France. However, the unfortunate grandson of Louis, Louis XVI did not have his grandfather's political astuteness ,and all of Louis XIVs careful plotting and planning could not keep the House of Bourbon from falling during the French Revolution. Louis Xiv and Versailles Louis XIV and Versailles Early Versailles In 1651, when Louis XIV was only thirteen, he visited Versailles for the first time. His next visited in 1661, he had fallen in love with the place. From 1664 to 1668, his efforts to rebuild the palace centered on the park and groves. In 1669, the king decided to enlarge the castle with the help of Le Vay and sculptor artist like Francois Girardon, Antoine and Le Hongre Etienn Coysevox. Versailles is a masterpiece. There is no way to describe Versailles Palace in one sentence.Value of Versailles Huge beyond belief, this place gives you a good idea of when it was â€Å"good to be the king†. Versailles was grand, luxurious, and expensive to maintain. It has been estimated, maintenance and maintenance, including the care and nurturing of employees and the royal family, consumed as much as 25% of the total income of the French. Daily Life at Versailles Life at Versailles was very orderly and rigid. Hundreds of officials help the king to wa ke up, dressed and prepared for duties of the day.Quite often the royal family became tired and escape to the Grand Trianon, Petit Trianon, where they feel more comfortable. The tightly provisions of Versailles rather than the comfort. While the royal family living in magnificent luxury, all others have been placed in tight areas. In summer, the palace was burning hot, while in winter it was freezing The palace is a city to itself. All government officials, servants and employees, household, and the royal palace to live in, respect the rules of Louis XIV.Versailles was open to the public. It is considered fashionable for Parisians to drive to the palace, where they can see the royal dinner. Versailles and Absolutism Louis XIV built Versailles was not only so that he can have a nice house. He built it as a way to keep his nobles in line. Louis wanted to make sure he had all the most powerful people with him at all times. So he created Versailles and all ceremonies of the court, to ke ep the courtiers listen to him . It's not cheap to keep up with Louis XIV and his different lovers.A large amount of money necessary to buy the most fashionable clothes and all the parties to the king. So, the courtiers can not plot against their king. This is one of the reasons that the absolute has a strong organization in France. However, the unfortunate grandson of Louis, Louis XVI did not have his grandfather's political astuteness ,and all of Louis XIVs careful plotting and planning could not keep the House of Bourbon from falling during the French Revolution.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Research Paper on English

As a consequence of the rapid globalization, the knowledge in communication is a need to survive in today’s life. We are required to have the skills in exchanging ideas with Different people, for we are now habituated to speaking to people from various places worldwide. English is the universal language, and the use of it enables us to communicate easily to other people. In school, there is an English subject in our curriculum. The idea of the need of learning this has been the factor that this research is made.Grammar is the foundation of all language. It is why our words produce ideas. And every word shall be properly organized to construct the intended thought. Through this study, the researcher will discuss the dynamics of the right grammar, the tenses to be used, and the subject-verb agreement strictly to be followed. This research will also facilitate future researchers on their further study about the same topic. Statement of the problem 1. What is English grammar? -The term â€Å"English grammar,† therefore, may have several meanings.It may refer to the whole of English grammar—that is, to the grammars of all the speakers of the language, which means including a great deal of variation. Alternatively, it may refer only to what is common to the grammars of all, or of the vast majority of, English speakers (such as subject-verb-object word order in simple declarative sentences). Or it may refer to the rules of a particular, relatively well defined variety of English (such as Standard English). â€Å"An English grammar† is a specific description, study or analysis of such rules.A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a â€Å"reference grammar† or simply â€Å"a grammar†. A fully explicit grammar exhaustively describing the grammatical constructions of a language is called a descriptive grammar. Linguistic description contrasts with linguistic prescription, which tries to enforce rules of how a language is to be used. 2. What is tense? Tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time that indicates when the situation takes place.In languages which have tense, it is usually indicated by a verb or modal, often combined with categories such as aspect, mood, and voice. 3. Importance of the study This topic aims to develop the communicative competence of the students in English, so that they can use the language in day to day interaction and more opportunity in academic situation. Limitations of the study This study limits only to the English language and its common rules, Thus, this research will only provide rules, examples, and tips in our English grammar.Definition of terms Grammar- is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, an d pragmatics. Linguists do not normally use the term to refer to orthographical rules, although usage books and style guides that call themselves grammars may also refer to spelling and punctuation. Tense- is a grammatical category that locates a ituation in time that indicates when the situation takes place. In languages which have tense, it is usually indicated by a verb or modal, often combined with categories such as aspect, mood, and voice. Subject-Verb agreement- The basic grammar rule in English is, of course, the subject-verb agreement rule. It prescribes that the operative verb of a sentence should always agree with its subject in number. This means that a subject that’s singular in number should take a verb in the singular form, and that a subject that’s plural in number should take a verb in the plural form.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on A Small, Good Thing

Fiction Essay In the story A Small Good Thing the first event the reader is exposed to is Ann Weis making a trip to the baker to order a birthday cake for her son Scotty’s eighth birthday. During this trip, the reader is introduced to the baker. Ann’s reactions and personal thoughts about the baker are important to the reader later on in the story. Within the first two paragraphs the reader is exposed to the protagonist, antagonist, and the setting. The complicating incident is quick to come in the fourth paragraph when the birthday boy stepped off the curb at an intersection and was hit by a car (Kennedy and Gioia, 459). Scotty may have been able to stumble home after being knocked into the gutter by the car, but soon he collapses at home and is rushed to the hospital. The complicating incident is further developed when the reader learns that who ever hit Scotty with their car, drove off when the child was seen standing immediately after the accident. When Ann calls her husba nd and tells him about Scotty’s accident, the reader is being introduced to the rising action of the story. In the rising action of the story the reader knows that Ann cannot wake her son up, and his body has gone limp. The reader also knows that Howard, Scotty’s father and Ann’s husband, is on his way to the hospital. The technical climax holds the majority of the length in this story. Here the reader learns of all the medical tests that Scotty is going through, as well as his parent’s anguish of not knowing if their son will wake up. The technical climax also exposes the newest problem of strange phone calls being made to their home. An uneasy feeling of tension is felt by the reader when strange and rude phone calls begin to pour into their home by the baker. Howard is the first person in the story to deal with these phone calls. Now the reader questions what type of involvement the baker had, if any, pertaining to Scotty being h... Free Essays on A Small, Good Thing Free Essays on A Small, Good Thing Fiction Essay In the story A Small Good Thing the first event the reader is exposed to is Ann Weis making a trip to the baker to order a birthday cake for her son Scotty’s eighth birthday. During this trip, the reader is introduced to the baker. Ann’s reactions and personal thoughts about the baker are important to the reader later on in the story. Within the first two paragraphs the reader is exposed to the protagonist, antagonist, and the setting. The complicating incident is quick to come in the fourth paragraph when the birthday boy stepped off the curb at an intersection and was hit by a car (Kennedy and Gioia, 459). Scotty may have been able to stumble home after being knocked into the gutter by the car, but soon he collapses at home and is rushed to the hospital. The complicating incident is further developed when the reader learns that who ever hit Scotty with their car, drove off when the child was seen standing immediately after the accident. When Ann calls her husb and and tells him about Scotty’s accident, the reader is being introduced to the rising action of the story. In the rising action of the story the reader knows that Ann cannot wake her son up, and his body has gone limp. The reader also knows that Howard, Scotty’s father and Ann’s husband, is on his way to the hospital. The technical climax holds the majority of the length in this story. Here the reader learns of all the medical tests that Scotty is going through, as well as his parent’s anguish of not knowing if their son will wake up. The technical climax also exposes the newest problem of strange phone calls being made to their home. An uneasy feeling of tension is felt by the reader when strange and rude phone calls begin to pour into their home by the baker. Howard is the first person in the story to deal with these phone calls. Now the reader questions what type of involvement the baker had, if any, pertaining to Scotty being h...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Dehydration Reaction Definition in Chemistry

Dehydration Reaction Definition in Chemistry A dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction between two compounds where one of the products is water. For example, two monomers may react where a hydrogen (H) from one monomer binds to a hydroxyl group (OH) from the other monomer to form a dimer and a water molecule (H2O). The hydroxyl group is a poor leaving group, so Bronsted acid catalysts may be used to help to protonate the hydroxyl to form -OH2. The reverse reaction, where water combines with hydroxyl groups, is termed hydrolysis or a hydration reaction. Chemicals commonly used as dehydrating agents include concentrated phosphoric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, hot ceramic and hot aluminum oxide. A dehydration reaction is the same as a dehydration synthesis.  A dehydration reaction may also be known as a  condensation reaction, but more properly, a dehydration reaction is a specific type of condensation reaction. Dehydration Reaction Examples Reactions that produce acid anhydrides are dehydration reactions. For example acetic acid (CH3COOH) forms acetic anhydride ((CH3CO)2O) and water by the dehydration reaction2 CH3COOH → (CH3CO)2O H2ODehydration reactions are also involved in the production of many polymers. Other examples include: Conversion of alcohols to ethers (2 R-OH → R-O-R H2O)Conversion of alcohols to alkenes (R-CH2-CHOH-R → R-CHCH-R H2O)Conversion of amides to nitriles (RCONH2  Ã¢â€ â€™ R-CN H2O)Dienol benzene rearrangementthe reaction of sucrose with concentrated sulfuric acid (a popular chemistry demonstration)

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Calculus and Infinit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Calculus and Infinit - Essay Example However, it was challenged by derision issues and finally withdrawn by the establishment of the concept of limit and epsilon-delta definitions during the 1970s. The latter are still in place up to date. Fortunately, Robinson Abraham restored it in 1960 and began a new era of analysis in the process. Isaac Newton used three varying methods in justifying his calculus. The methods are infinitesimals, fluxions, and the methods of prime and ultimate ratios. According to Newton, fluxion is the speed at which a quantity changes over a period and is denoted by x and x. In addition, he used o to represent very small amount of time and stated that in the infinitely small time, a variable x will become x+xo. Today, the example that Newton gives for the formula defines the differential equation that satisfies the equation of a curve. In deriving his procedures, Newton states that since time are supposed to be infinitely small so that it can express moments of quantities, terms that contain it as a factor will have nothing in equivalence to the others. Therefore, he suggests a cast out. The cast out, however, is not justified in procedure terms of limit but is only institutive in the sense of the manner in which it behaves (Katz, 1993). In a third publication, Newton decided to avoid the infinitesimals although he retained the notation o, which remains with its disappearing property. Newton is said to have developed his calculus ten years ahead of Gottfried Leibniz. However, Leibniz was the first one to publish his. In his publication entitled New Method for Maxima and Minima, and also Tangents, which is not Obstructed by Irrational quantities, (1684), Leibniz presented the values for the product rule, quotient rule, and power rule for finding derivatives. He also presented notations for his formula that are constantly used today. He uses the dx notations. His ways of handling ideas of very small quantities is to cat out terms that have more than one infinitesimals. For ins tance, he demonstrated that the smallest difference in xy is represented by dxy, which is also equal to (x+dx) (y+dy)-xy in his derivation of product rule. He argues that since dx and dy are infinitely small, they can be disregarded (Boyer, 1991). In his work, the infinitely small dx has four minimally different interpretations. First, dx is indistinguishable from zero. Second, dx is neither equal nor not equal to zero and thirdly, dx2 is equal to zero. Finally, dx vanishes (Bell, 1985). 2. The controversy between Newton and Leibnitz Perhaps the controversy between Leibniz and Newton over the invention and publishing of the infinitesimals calculus is the most famous in history of science. Newton and Leibniz are fighting over a number of issues. Though their issues began before the invention of calculus, the controversy became worse because of the fact that they did not deal with the issues of natural philosophy of the world in a direct manner. The main issue now is who is the father of the invention? Fortunately, because of the numerous evidence in form of papers of Newton’s work, it has been established beyond any doubt that Newton was the first one to invent calculus. He started with development of his fluxion theory in 1655 to 1666. Mid 1665, Newton had set down standards for differential algorithms in the generality that Leibniz expounded on after about two decades later. Furthermore, this shows that Newton did not plagiarize or copy anything form Leibniz because at the time of inventing calculus, Leibniz

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Geological map interpretation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geological map interpretation - Research Paper Example Through history, the study of geographical and geological formation of the island defines most parts of Nova Scotia. The following paper expound on the rock formation, geological processes and interesting features that form the island. The analysis is based on geological maps and photographic maps of West Ironbound Island. The rock formation of the island depended on the features that are present. From the photographic maps of the shores of West Ironbound Island, Halifax Group of rocks are defined. They interact with the upper larger group of Meguma rocks and divide into two major groups. These groups are Meguma Terrane and Avalon Terrane. The groups represent major continents that have been joined to form one large land mass. The Halifax group of rock bed is approximately 3600 meters deep. This layer overlay the Meguma Super group of rock. Turbidite rocks and metamorphosed rocks characterize the northern part of the island. Across the island, there are sedimentary rocks or metasedim ents with its thickness ranging between 5cm and 8 cm. There are lithogies on the Halifax slate across the West Ironbound Island. These lithories are oval in shape and appear as structures deformed during the Carboniferous period. They have a thickness of 0.35 meters and a length of 0.75 meters. On the photographic maps, they are seen as circular moldings of layers of rocks. Multiple faulting and colliding of various continents is associated with West Ironbound Island. Various plates are noted colliding and crushing over each other. On the shores of the island, folding of Meguma Super group of rocks is seen. The alignment of the folds shows where the force of folding originated. These folds present beautiful scenery and view from the adjacent land of Simpson. The deformations which occurred as glaciations, folding and faulting are associated with Acadian Orogenic compression events. The cleavages that appear in all localities dip with a 70 degrees to the south east of the island. The degree of dipping is evenly distributed in the whole of the island where cleavage is noted. This means that the compression force in Acadian Orogenic period was also evenly distributed. On the geographical map, West Ironbound Island is located in the middle of the anticline. It falls within the Hinge line of the Anticline. West Ironbound Island is endowed with mineral deposits that have not been exploited. Igneous intrusions are evidence of low profile eruptions along the Meguma Super group layer. These intrusions leave deposits of quartz. Due to deformation in Acadian Orogeny era, cracks and fissures formed and accommodated quartz deposits. Quartz deposits are a source of iron and gold in some parts of the island. These have been confirmed by geologists working on the vas Nova Scotia area. Asenopyrite is also associated with the area of the island. The exposed Halifax group of rocks on the island is composed of metalliferous hydrothermal stretch of quartz on the northern end. This stretch is not rich in gold but only iron pyrites. Glaciations’ is evident in the geological maps studied. The marine time province was covered with thick layers of ice in the last glacial period. The current shape of the marine time area was molded by the glacier. Lose layers of rocks were eroded leaving behind a well polished top cover. This took place in the times of Mesozoic era. Glacial Till Drumlin is shown on different photographic maps in

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Olympic games and Chinese economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Olympic games and Chinese economy - Essay Example Next year, that distinction belongs to Beijing, an ancient city north of China, which is in the forefront of China's surging economy and the center of its political power. In the history of the Olympic movement, China is only the third Asian country - after Tokyo in 1964 and Seoul in 1986 - to host the prestigious Games. The International Olympic Committee chose Beijing over several other aspirants that included Toronto, Paris, Istanbul, and Osaka. The cities of Bangkok, Cairo, Havana, Kuala Lumpur, and Seville also submitted bids to host the Games, but failed to make the shortlist in 2000. Beijing is the fourth city - after Berlin (1936), Mexico City (1968), and Moscow (1980) -- under authoritarian rule to host the games. Its officials welcome the selection as an opportunity to showcase its newfound economic prosperity and to project a more positive image to the rest of the world. While economists believe Beijing is certain to achieve its grand objective of showcasing its vibrant ec onomy and projecting a more positive image in the eyes of the world, they are in disagreement over the Games' immediate impact on its economy. Soon after the announcement was made on the choice of Beijing as the next Olympic site, (Beijing Olympics 2008) the Chinese government announced that it will earmark $20 billion to modernize the city's infrastructure and facilities to improve its woefully polluted environment in time for the Games. That announcement alone is enough assurance that the Olympic Games is bound to spell a dramatic transformation for Beijing, although this figure has already doubled as of the latest count. It is commonly assumed that the scale of an Olympic event and the scale of the preparations for it will create large and lasting economic benefits to the host city. Economic impact studies confirm these expectations by forecasting economic benefits in the billions of dollars. Goldman Sachs Asia has made one of the more aggressive forecasts, predicting that the Games will increase China's GDP growth by 0.3 per cent annually between 2002 and 2008, citing service sectors such as tourism, transportation, information technology services and logistics as the areas for the greatest growth. On the other hand, JP Morgan said the event would increase GDP by no more than 0.05 per cent per year, a figure that hardly makes a difference in China's impressive double digit annual economic GDP growth. "The divergent views are due to different assumptions," said Huang Yiping, an analyst at Salomon Smith Barney. Those who are unmoved by the Games' economic drawing power claim no evidence of positive economic impacts from mega-sporting events even remotely approaching the estimates in economic impact studies. In a study of the impact of Super Bowls on local economies, (Robert A. Baade and Victor Matheson, 1999) found "no measurable impact on spending associated with the event." Their explanation is that capacity constraints in the hotel industry cause room prices to increase with no change in occupancy rates. Higher rates contribute to the crowding out of regular traffic and net spending in areas other than hotel rooms changes little, if at all. The same report claims that longer term sports programs, usually involving stadium subsidies to attract or keep professional teams, have also failed to deliver on projected economic benefits. Even for cities that usually are considered success stories for sports development strategy, such as Baltimore and

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Modernisationory vs dependency school

Modernisationory vs dependency school SGM 100 1. INTRODUCTION There are many reasons to examine the current situation of the world, where a lot of countries are underdeveloped or are developing, and a small portion of the world, which are the Western countries, are relatively rich and developed. In this essay I discuss the Modernisation theory and Dependency Theory and how they came into existence. Also, the contributions made by all the countries and trying to develop in their own way by the argument based on the Neo-Marxist theorists explains the reasons why this division is still present, especially, the third World countries being dependent on Western countries. Later, I have taken CUBA as an example to show how it ended its dependency on the western countries, and it may give hope to other underdeveloped countries. Then the comparison between the two theories is done and concluding which one is better. 2. DEPENDENCY THEORY: After World War II, due to economic expansion and polarisation Cold War emerged, and it was then that American social scientists started studying the Third World nations with the purpose of promoting social and political stability and bringing development in the economic structure. (So, 1990, pp.17). However, scholars from made their own theories. It was partly based on the modernisation theory which resulted in the sub-optimal results, as well as ending by saying that imperialism has actively underdeveloped the peripheral societies they are living in (Martinussen, 1997, pp.86). Peripheral countries are assumed to be dependent on mass media. Modernisation School was first criticised in Latin America, when the United Nations-Economic Commission for Latin America went Bankrupt (ECLA). (So, 1990, pp. 91). Overall, because of the failure of the ECLA and the Modernisation School theories declined, it gave rise to Neo-Marxist Dependency Theories. First, attempt to redefine dependency theory from the Third Nations point of view was done by Paul Baran and Andre Frank. Baran argued that the backward or the third world countries were defined by double economies: a large sector was under agriculture and a very small sector was under industries (Martinussen, 1997, pp.86). The capability to generate economic surplus and profit margins from agriculture is still minimal (Keet, 2002). Baran articulated the difference between the classes and their relations. Also, their impact upon how the economic surplus is been utilised and the power being distributed which resulted to create barriers, preventing development. Thus the crucial and most important point is the conditions of the Third World country within their country. He explained solution to eradicate dependency on the western countries by using a lot of state interference to promote industrialisation as an arrangement for evolution of other industrial sectors (Martinussen, 1997, pp.8 7). Frank criticised Barans thesis by identifying the causes of underdevelopment. Merchant capitals target metropoles. The satellites exists only to feed the metropoles based on their requirements. The crucial method to gain more economic surplus was trade and batter system, including both international and national exchanges. Frank proposed a solution to eradicate the problem of dependency by de-linking completely from the world market to grow. (Martinussen, 1997, pp.88-89). It directly blamed the external factors, like colonialism, whereas the Modernisation School assumed the reason behind these countries to be under-developed is overpopulation, culture, and lack of motivation to do anything constructive or little investment. Moreover, Frank argues that the same process of development in the Western countries immortalises the third world countries to develop (So, 1990). Most of the scholars tried to explain the reason for them to remain backward by focussing on the external factor s. They think there was unequal exchange of economies from the western countries, and their theoretical structure is core versus periphery. All the solutions that were proposed included a socialist revolution with a completely or partly staying away from the international system. Based on the classical dependency theories, more observational information was collected from the circumferences point of perspective, not only from Latin America, but also within African and Asian countries. It was very clear that dependency theory alone cannot explain all the observations. Martinussen (1997, pp. 93) states the actual changes in the less developed countries implied greater and greater differentiation between the underdeveloped countries. Therefore, Neo-Marxist theory required an elaborate and expanded version of explanation. 3. MODERNISATION THEORY For more than 10 years, till the late 1960s, modernisation theory was very popular among the social science. The concept was used in order to explain the changes which will last for a long time due to this theory. It also criticised the Marxist theory on dependency and discussed the difference in cold war and explained how the new independent countries should progress. After this, in the next 20 years, the concept of modernisation theory and its understanding was completely changed and had become the target of criticism. Most of the people did not accept any theory, but there were some of them who preferred Neo-Marxist theory; puts the blame on the United States for most of the countries to remain underdeveloped. Many people started ignoring the modernisation theory without mentioning any efforts that could be made to apply this theory systematically. As the Cold War ended, modernisation theory was again brought into picture. It was only to reduce the rising disagreement over globalisation. Some argued that the fall of communism was one of the reasons that deviate the requirements which were specified in the theory, while others replied that other abrupt changes in Russia and other countries proved the theory to be wrong. What was the reason that proved modernisation theorists wrong? Was it the failure of the socialist model or the failure of the economic advice? Later, debates about globalisation pointed out many of the same issues as modernisation theory. After almost 50 years, the theory was again brought into the limelight, social scientists are again working on the positives and negatives of the theory and opening it to the outside world, also on political reform in order to improve capacity of the state and its responsiveness, a breakdown of social barriers, and to improve the knowledge of the state that maximises absorption of information. Definition It is used to inspire by its historical and sociological background. It had been developed by doing a lot of historical research and investigating the effects of modernisation that will have on the human communication. According to Giddens (1991), Modernisation means the appearance of modes of social life or organization which emerged in Europe from about the seventeenth century onwards and which subsequently became more or less worldwide in their influence. Modernisation theories explain how the communication and media uses have changed in the traditional and modern societies. After the World War II, there were more or less twenty societies which were regarded as highly efficient and more. Definitions ofmodernised varied from places to places. For some of them, structural features, such as levels ofeducation, urbanisation, use of sources of energy, and fertility were the ways to decide whether the particular society is modern or no. For others, attitudes described the modernisation of the society, such as secularization, achievement orientation, functional specificity in formal organizations, and acceptance of equality in relationships. Core assumptions and statements Modernisation theory has evolved in three parts. The first part came into existence in the 1950s and 1960s. One tried to contrast the Western styles of living from the other parts of the world, their technological inventions and their highly selective, targeting to only one person at a time, types of communication, their individualist cultures and of individual motivation and achievement (Lerner, 1958 and Schramm, 1964). According to McQuail, (2000, pp. 84), this produced three variants: 1. Economic development: mass media promote the global diffusion of many technical and social innovations that are essential to modernisation (Rogers, 1962). 2. Literacy and Cultural Development: Mass media teaches literacy and other techniques to develop. It encourages a favourable state of mind. E.g. finding a way to live a life beyond the traditional way. 3. National identity development: Mass media helps support the national identities and democratic elections in the newly created colonies. Most of these theories have been criticised as they were pro-western bias. The second step of modernisation theory is a part of the critical theory that was popular in the 1970s and 1980s. This part does not join hands but it criticises the influence of the western countries on the other countries. This is held to be an instance of Western cultural and fiscal imperialism or authority. (Schiller, 1976). The third step of modernisation theory which rose in the 1990s is the theory of late, or post modernity. It tries to not be in favour or against the modernisation of the westerns. In fact, it attempts to eradicate the differences in the process of modernisation and explains the results of modernity for individuals in contemporary society (Giddens, 1991a, b). Giddens showed that modern society is characterised by time-space distantiation and dis-embedding mechanisms. Traditional society is basically a direct conversation between the people who live close by, whereas, modern societies goes way beyond that and reaches out to a number of people and communicate with them through the means of mass media and interactive media. Benjamin Barber tried to explain the differences between the Western and non-Western cultures of the world in hisJihad versus McWorld: How the Planet is both Falling Apart and Coming Together(1996). This matter of grouping on integration and division in civilisation a nd in media use is also present in the effort of Meyrowitz (1993) and Van Dijk (1993, 1991/1999). Van Dijk tries to explain the rise of the new media such as computer networks and mobile telephony as important tools for modern life. It tries to explain the relationship between all the countries from a historical, sociological, economic and cultural point of view. It gives attention to the role played by the mass media and the new media to help a society develop. 4. CASE STUDY ON CUBA THE ALTERNATIVE MODEL Cuba has always been a socialist revolution, which was a necessity by the classical dependency school in order to end the dependency. Unexpectedly, the relations with the international countries changed.Partly, because U.S put restrictions on Cuba. This was the reason for Cuba to move strongly towards the Soviet Bloc. This resulted in the export of sugar cane and import of petroleum, equipments required in industries, daily bread and butter and agrochemicals (Rosset and Benjamin, 1994, and Enriquez, 2000). Moreover, 5.4 times more for Cuban sugar cane was paid by the soviets than the market price (Rosset, 2002), providing almost 80% of Cubas foreign exchange (Enriquez, 2000), thereby promoting dependency of Cuban society. Its positive point was their internal investment to get an excellent education system and a good health care system. But, Cubas links with the Soviet Bloc. ended after the end of the Cold War.According to Dr. Funes quoted in Parker, 2002, $8billion/ per disappeared from the Cuban trade and imports were reduced by 75 percent(2002). Other sources claim it to have been cuts of 82% (Rosset, 2002) of its pesticides or over 90% of Cubas fertilizer use (Rosset and Benjamin, 1994, pp. 3). Even more seriously, Approximate weight of the populations caloric intake that was derived from imported goods ranged from 44 to 57 percent.(Enriquez, 2000). This indicated food shortage for the citizens. Thus Cuba, which was still under the restriction of the U.S, lost all their trading partners overnight. They faced the challenge to find other ways to be highly mechanized and industrialised. They wanted to be self sufficient and rely on themselves in its food production to prevent scarcity.Here Cubas social structure proved to be of great advantage. As they were highly educated and along with state regulation, they started planning which resulted in positive result of the socialist revolution, which is known as The Alternative Model. Although Cuban citizens are still on food ransoms, and food availability had dropped at least to only 60% (Kovaleski, 1999) during the 1991-1995 period, Cuban agriculture has recovered in most areas to the levels of the 1980s (Parker, 2002) and is now world leader when it comes to knowledge of organic agriculture (Rosset, 2002). Elimination of dependency We are told that small countries cannot feed themselves, that they need imports to cover the deficiency of their local agriculture and synthetic farm chemicals, yet Cuba is virtually doing so. We are told that we need the efficiency of large-scale corporate or state farms in order to produce enough food, yet we find small farmers and gardeners in the vanguard of Cuba. We hear time and again that international food aid is the answer to food shortages-yet Cuba has found an alternative in local production.(Rosset, 2000)Acknowledged, Cuba has faced real hardship in the 1990s, but it is also an example that the so-called de-linking as outlined by the Dependency School is possible. Proof of the viability of organic agriculture is the other great windfall (Parker, 2002). Also can this Alternative Model be an example for other dependent countries? According to the World System dependency theorists Cuba was already in the semi periphery, because they have educated population who were crucial in its policies for survival. Enriquez (2000) points out the parallel, but slower process in China and Vietnam, and says that countries of other Soviet Bloc are not experiencing a this difference because they dont have the socialist planning structure. She also explains by going little ahead, claiming that due to the restrictions put by the U.S change have been positive. On the other hand, Latin America lost a lot of liberty of their power to administer their spending (Anon, 2002), Cuba has proved that even after going through a lot of difficulties, it was capable enough to gain back all the things that it had lost. However, the majority of the dependent nations do not have a socialist structure in place, also U.S continuous to put restrictions to prevent neo-liberal influences. So Cuba cannot be an appropriate example for these nations but it can encourage them to find their way out of this dependency trap. 5. GLOBALISATION: MODERNISATION vs. DEPENDENCY Over the last ten decades many events and situations have occurred throughout the word. This has affected not only the places where these events or situations took place but also the media relations, politics and economic factors were affected the world as a whole,   due to industrialisation. Some of these situations that have occurred have been positive and some were negative. Events that take place In developed and those countries which has the power to influence the other countries, such as the United States or United Kingdom have a tendency to make a larger impact on other developing or underdeveloped countries because more relationships are tied through them. This makes countries like the United States and the United Kingdom able to purposely make decisions and direct it in a direction which is beneficial for them, which is why the way the United States and the United Kingdom conducts its business is criticised so thoroughly. There are some people who believe that this has led to globalisation and this effect is a very good thing and there will be a difference in the social and cultural background in all societies because of industrial capitalism. These kinds of people believe in the modernisation theory which was developed because of globalisation. There are also some people that believe that this is not a good thing and it can lead to inequality all over the world as the result of historical exploitation of the poor, underdeveloped societies by rich, and the developed countries. This led to the development of dependency theory. The people who follow this are considered as dependency theorist According to my opinion, by in large, I believe that the dependency theory is the way we think and react in terms of globalisation. The modernisation theory states that one thing needed to modernise is infusion or the merger of capitals. I believe that this is all too true, and the more advanced the society becomes, the more they must stay away from others in order to make themselves greater and develop more. At this point the people in the United States use the third world countries or the underdeveloped and developing countries as the way to gain resources that we are exhausting. They get their raw materials, their industry, and even their people from these countries. The other countries and their cultures that decide not to modernise and wants their traditional ways of thinking to be alive are not given any choice by the other countries and cultures. They remain backward as they do not get any choice because the other cultures are going ahead as they are modernising their cultures . The Kung tribes in the Kalahari Desert in Namibia, Botswana and Angola, talks about the way they had lost their traditional values in less than one generation because they had lost their land which they needed to exist in this world as hunter gatherers. This is something that will continue happening and I do not believe that there is anything we can do about it except compensate heavily. On the contrary, Dependency theory has an almost exact opposite outlook on globalisation than modernisation has. It basically attacks the structure modernisation theory, and with some very good reason. The modernisation theory says that globalisation has a positive impact through infusion of capital from the sources received from the other countries. Dependency theory accepts this but censures the words under which it is done. First world countries like America indirectly set standards of developing and underdeveloped countries by making unfair, but unavoidable, deals. These deals are shaped in a particular fashion that seems to be something helpful and which cannot be avoided. One of the very good examples is that can explain dependency theory is about the states of Global South. They are in desperate need to develop. Development seeks to improve the welfare of people living in conditions of economic and social poverty (Weaver n.d, pp. 112). Why is the Global South prone to remain in this condition? This is a question which has been asked a million times and the answers are given in many different ways. Two interesting theories are used to understand the conditions of Global South and their development, which are: the Classical Economic Theory, which is also known as the Modernisation Theory and the Dependency Theory. One of these theories explains the need to development and living conditions in the southern countries. According to modernisation theory, there are a few steps which can lead to success for each and every country. In Walt Rostow (1962) work on The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-totalitarianism proclamation, a particular pattern for developing has to be undertaken for a country to become successful, profitable, sophisticated, and have a modern economy, which in turn, will enrich the lives of the citizens in that particular country. This is a very systematic theory. It says that if you do this then only you will become successful and modern. It is demonstrated by Mahler 45 that there needs to be preconditions for development, and thus leading to mass-consumption. The part that is not included in this theory assumes that all countries will follow the exactly same predetermined way to development. Too many variables intercede between that will affect the ability of a state to develop. For example, Mexico faces a lot of difficulty to develop as it is geographically destined due to the deserts, forests, and mountains. Approximately thirteen percent of Mexicos land is arable, as well as, there are no big rivers inMexico, it becomes all the more difficult to have a good economy. These factors increase the difficulty level for Mexico to develop because it constrains transportation, which directly affects the ability to export and import goods efficiently and profitably. If the states in the Global South follow the steps of modernisation, there is no guarantee that they will develop. It can be argued that having a rigid set of rules and regulations to follow will not make you reach to the decided destination. One important and sometimes neglected barrier to development could be the geographical condition. However, there are other variables that can restrict a country from developing. As stated in A Global Agenda: Issues Before the 54th General Assembly, Underlying all these initiatives [for development] is the assumption that poverty eradication and good governance are inseparable, because good governance brings about a proper balance among state action, the private sector, civil society, and the communities themselves (Tessitore n.d, pp. 105). The reason is that if a countries leadership is very poor, it will directly affect its ability to develop. Take for instance; Saddam Husseins country could not develop because all the wealth that was collected by the people was kept by him. Maybe if Hussein would have used the wealth in a good way in his country, by encouraging invention and improving education, then probably his country could have developed long back. Also in India, the political parties and the government are very corrupt. They can be easily bribed. Most of the taxes that people pay go in the pockets of the politicians and the government. If this was not the case in India, and if they had strict rules on bribing, then India would have been one of the developed countries. In relation to modernisation theory, the states in the Global South should create situations which can improve production and free trade, as well as enhance the internal characteristics, for example, removing illiteracy, improving the communication and infrastructure problem, as well as what the Asians did, popularly known as Asian Tigers, by improving their transportation which improved their ability to import and export goods efficiently, proved that export-oriented growth was possible. Dependency theory became popular in the 1970s(Kegley n.d, pp. 226). According to the dependency theory, the states in the North exploit the states in the South. One main reason for this can be that the southern states are highly dependent on the wealth earned by the northern states; therefore this unable them to advance, because of the vicious circle that then ensues. An example of this bad circle can start with a country being economically unstable. They allow a multinational corporation to set up a branch in one of their cities. This increases job opportunities for the people of that city. But the people are hired for very low salary. Then the products that are produced are bought by the northern states, which in turn stop the southern states mass-consumption abilities. This is one of the generalized ways that the south gets exploited and remains underdeveloped by the north and the multinational corporation that had set up their branches in the cities of the southern states and com e out making huge amount of profit at the expense of desperate people who are just trying to survive and are willing to work for pennies. For example, all the multinational companies have their customer service centres in India, as it is a developing country. There are huge amount of people who are unemployed and are willing to work even during the nights for pennies for the multinational companies. All the services provided to people in the north with any difficulty is provided by these people working in the particular customer service centres. According to dependency theory, underdevelopment is the reason of the development of capitalism. A significant example could be Latin America and the United States. The following quote from the preface to the English edition (1979) the persistence of Dependency and Development in Latin America by Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Prentice Hall and Enzo Faletto(2003), somewhat details this dependency issue, In order to go ahead with economic expansion, a dependent country has to play the interdependency game, but in a position similar to the client who approaches a banker even if the dependent country becomes less poor after the first loan, a second one follows. In most cases, when such an economy expands, its roots have been planted by those who hold the lending notes. Thus, leading to the conclusion, that in order for global south to develop, the capitalist system will have to break down completely in relation to the dependency theory. Of course, dependency theory did not take backward so cieties who are not dependent into consideration. Therefore, after considering all factors of dependency theory, it can be concluded that theory by itself cannot explain or improve the economical conditions and life of the citizens in the global south. It is very clear that some states in the south are completely dependent on the states in the north   and they end up being exploited by the north and are caught in the cycle of debt which is never-ending and continues to grow with no way to escape, making them more and more dependent on the northern countries. It is also very clear that modernisation theory neglected the fact that not every state will develop in the same way or in the same period of time. It doesnt give justice to explain the lack of assumed decreasing profit of the people that is described in the theory. 6. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the concept of educating citizens and improve the other internal characteristics, it would seem to lead to an improved life for the citizens. Also by becoming less dependent on wealthier and developed nations would help to improve the lives of the citizens in the Global South. Indeed, there are differences in the theoretical approach to the problem of development. General consensus on the practical problem are, those on the Left and Right agree that the growth rate achieved by under-developed countries after forty years of international assistance is less than satisfactory, if not disappointing (Mahler n.d, pp. 59). 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